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THE 

EOSE    MANUAL; 

/ 

COXTAINIXG 
ACCURATE  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  ALL  THE  FINEST  YARIETI] 

OF          '        • 

EOSES, 

PKOPEIILY  CLASSED  IN  THEIR  RESPECTIVE  FAMILIES. 
TIlEIFi.  CHARACTER  AND  MODE  OF  CULTURE, 

WITH 

DIEECTIONS   FOR  THEIR   PROPAGATION, 
AND  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  INSECTS. 

WITH    ENGRAVINGS. 

(Eijivi)  (25t)ltion,  tuitl)  ^Ibbitions. 


BY  ROBERT   BUIST, 

NURSERYMAN,  SEEDSMAN  AND  FLORIST, 

Aulhor  of  "'The  American  Flo-sver  Garden  Directory."  '•Family  Kitcken 

Gardener."'  &c. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

FOR  THE  AUTHOR,  A.  HART,  and  LIPPINCOTT,  GRAMBO  &  CO. 
185L 


"iir  iiiiifiiiiifiii 


LIBRARY 


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DIVERSITY  OF 
iSSACHUSETTS 

!HFuST,  MASS. 


Entered  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  184-1.  by 
R.   BUIST, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Pennsylvania. 


PHILADELPHIA  : 
B.    MIFFLIN.    PRINTER,    63    WALNUT   STREET. 


EGBERT   BUIST, 
NURSERYMAN  AND   SEEDGROWER, 

Warehouse,  No.  97  Chestnut  Street,  above  Third,  North  side; 
Nursery  and  Seed  Farm,  Darby  Road. 

Fruit,  Shade  and  Ornamental  Trees 

OF    EVERY  DESCRIPTION; 

Grape  Vines,  Evergreens,  Roses  and  other 
Shrubs,  G-reenhouse  and  Garden  Plants, 

Seeds  of  my  own  growth  or  imported,  "Wholesale  and 
Retail. 

Garden  implements  of  approved  make. 

Iron  Yasps,  Settees  and  Chairs.  Every  article  war- 
ranted to  be  what  it  is  represented.  Twe?ity-tico 
years  established. 

Author  of  the  "American  Flower  Garden  Directory," 
''Rose  ]\Janiial,"  ''Family  Kitchen  Gardener,"  &.c. 

All  cash  orders  promptly  attended  to. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Custom  has  made  it  the  privilege  of  authors  to  set 
forth  the  merit  and  purport  of  their  productions  in 
some  preliminary  remarks.  Of  this  privilege  I  gladly 
avail  myself,  to  disclaim  at  once  all  pretensions  to 
the  art  of  composition. 

These  pages  owe  their  existence  merely  to  the  re- 
peated demands  of  numerous  friends  and  customers, 
for  a  work  on  Roses,  simple  in  its  arrangement,  and 
clear  in  its  directions.  I  have  endeavoured  to  gratify 
their  wishes,  and  have  now  only  to  hope  that  their 
satisfaction  may  bear  some  proportion  to  the  pleasure 
I  have  found  in  the  task. 

This  volume  contains  the  result  of  twenty-eight 
years'  experience  on  the  subject  of  which  it  treats, 
twenty-three  of  which  have  been  as  a  nurseryman 
cultivating  the  largest  collection  in  the  countr3^  I 
do  not  wish  to  be  understood,  however,  as  arrogating 
to  myself  any  greater  share  of  knowledge  in  rose 
culture  than  can  be  acquired  by  all  practical  men. 


VI  INTRODUCTION. 


But  it  is  not  to  these  that  I  address  myself.  My  hum- 
ble aim  has  been  to  present  to  the  inexperienced 
lovers  of  the  Kose,  a  guide  to  enable  them  to  select, 
cultivate,  and  propagate  their  favourite  flower.  Our 
observations  made  among  the  numerous  collections  of 
nurserymen  and  amateurs  in  this  vicinity,  induced  me 
frequently  to  alt^r  descriptions  1  had  already  written, 
colours  varying  to  so  great  an  extent  in  different  soils 
and  seasons. 

We  were  at  one  period  almost  the  exclusive  grow- 
er and  cultivator  of  the  Kose ;  not  so  now,  large 
collections  are  arising  of  decided  merit,  and  well- 
g:*own,  by  Jas.  Ritchie,  florist,  Kensington,  and  John 
Sherwood,  florist,  College  Wharf,  near  Bristol,  Pa. 

The  first  season  after  planting,  roses  do  not,  in  gener- 
al, flower  in  all  the  perfection  to  which  they  can  be 
brought  after  one  or  two  years'  growth,  taking  that 
tinne  to  become  thoroughly  established.  A  few  of  the 
new  kinds  have  bloomed  but  once ;  a  very  accurate 
description  of  such  can  scarcely  be  expected  ;  and  in 
some  instances  it  may  hereafter  appear  that  I  have 
not  done  full  justice  to  their  real  merit.  Amateurs 
have  hitherto  found  great  diflTiculty  in  selecting  from 
the  catalogues  of  nurserymen.  This  treatise,  we 
hope,  may  be  found  of  service  in  assisting  them  to 
form,  their  collections  5  and  the  index  of  names,  re- 
ferring,   as    it  does,  to    the  character  of  every   rose 


INTRODUCTIOX.  VU 


mentioned  in  the  work,  will,  we  think,  prove  especi- 
ally useful. 

Incorrectness  in  the  names  of  plants  has  long;  been  a 
stigma  on  commercial  gardening  ;  none  can  pretend 
to  be  quite  immaculate  in  this  matter,  but  all  may 
become  still  more  careful  in  avoiding  these  inaccura- 
cies. Every  nurserym.an  is  now  aware  of  the  great  re- 
sponsibility resting  upon  him  relative  to  correct  nom^en- 
clature,  and  no  honest  man  will  condesend  io  contribute 
in  spreading  the  practice  of  attaching  a  false  name. 
On  this  point  we  think  Philadelphia  nurserymen  are 
as  free  from  reproach  as  any  in  the  Union,  and  I  may 
be  permitted  to  add,  that  in  rose  culture  they  are 
adepts,  living,  as  they  do,  as  it  were  in  a  very  hot- 
bed of  roses,  fostered  by  the  judicious  management  of 
the  Horticultural  Society,  and  encouraged  by  the 
patronage  of  the  lovers  of  flowers,  who,  amongst  us, 
are  almost  as  numerous  as  the  dwellings  of  our  city 
and  county.  It  would  be  ungrateful  not  to  add  my 
sincere  acknowledg.nents  to  all  those  to  whom  I  am 
indebted  for  valuable  information,  and  in  an  especial 
manner  to  a  lady  amateur,  whose  valuable  services 
have  frequently  brightened  our  ideas.  And  finally, 
let  me  be  allowed  to  place  this  humble  offering  under 
the  patronage  of  the  Ladies,  trusting  that  their  love 
of  the  subject  will  induce  them  to  look  over  all  defi- 
ciencies in  the  manner  of  treating  it,  and  hoping  that 


INTRODUCTION. 


the  views  and  experience  of  a  practical  man,  honest- 
ly given,  and  in  a  style  aiming  at  nothing  but  per- 
spicuity, may  be  Oi^  some  use  to  them.  ^Vhile  it  has 
been  my  object  to  produce  a  manual  adapted  to  the 
wants  of  every  rose  fancier,  I  have  been  especially 
anxious  to  m.ake  the  task  of  selection  an  easier  one  to 
my  fair  patronesses,  and  if  I  succeed  in  assisting  any 
of  them  in  the  choice  or  culture  of  a  single  rose,  I 
shall  be  satisfied  ; — or  should  I  be  the  means  of  indu- 
cing some  to  enter  the  flowery  paths  of  Floriculture, 
where  healihful  employment  and  innocent  pleasures 
wait  to  greet  them,  my  highest  ambition  will  be  at- 
t  lined. 

R.  BUIST, 
KosEDALE  NuKSERY,  Darby  Road, 

two  miles  below  Gray's  Ferry, 


C  0  X  T  E  N  T  S 


KoSA  ALriNA, 

The  Boursault  Rose,  -  -  -  -         13 

Rosa  Sempervirens, 

The  Evergreen  Rose,  -  -  -  -15 

Rosa  Banksiana, 

The  Lady  Banks  Rose,  -  -  .  -         1 8 

Rosa  Multiflora, 

The  Multiflora  Rose,  -  -  -  -        20 

Hydrid  Climbing  Roses       -         -  -  -  -        23 

Rosa  Rubifolia, 

The  Prairie  Rose,  -  -  -  -        26 

Rosa  Rubiginosa, 

The  Sweet  Briar,  -         -  -  -  -        32 

Rosa  Ltjtea, 

The  Yellow  Austrian  Rose,  -  -  .34 

Rosa.  SpixosissniA, 

The  Scotch,  or  Burnet  Rose,  -  -  -        37 

Rosa  Centifolia, 

The  Provins,  or  Cabbage  Rose,         -  -  -        39 

Rosa  CENTiFOLfA  Mlscosa, 

The  Moss  Rose,        -  -  -  -  -        42 

Rosa  Gallica, 

The  Rose  of  France,  .  -  -  -        48 

Striped,  Spotted,  and  Marbled  Roses,  -  -        04 

Rosa  Alba, 

The  White  Garden  Rose,  -  -  -        58 

Rosv  Damascena, 

The  Damask  Rose,  -  -  -  -        60 


Xll  CONTE^'TS. 


Hybrid  Chinese  Roses,                 -  -  -  -  62 

Planting,             -              -             -  .  -  .  72 

Growing  Roses  from  Seed,           -  -  -  -  74 

Propagation  of  Garden  or  June  Roses,  -  -  78 

Propagation  by  Budding,             -  -  -  -  80 

Propagation  by  Grafting,           -  -  -  -  84 

Noisette  Roses,                 -             -  -  -  -  88 

Rosa  Indica  Odorata, 

The  Tea  Scented  Rose,          .  .  -  _  lOo 

Rosa  Indica, 

The  Bengal  Chinese,  or  Daily  Rose,  -  -  120 

Rosa  Lawrenciana, 

The  Miniature  Rose,              -  -  -  -  132 

Rosa  Bourboniana, 

The  Bourbon  Rose,                -  -  -  -  134 
Rejiontantes, 

Or,  Hybrid  Perpetual  Rose,  -  -  -  147 

Perpetual  Damask  Rose,             -  -  -     .        -  156 

Rosa  Microphylla, 

Or,  Smallieaved  Rose,          -  -  -  -  163 

Rosa  Moschata, 

Musk  Scented  Rose,              -  -  -  -  167 

Cultivation  of  Roses  in  Pots,  -  -  -  169 

Liquid  Manure,                -             -  -  -  -  171 

Poudrette,           -             -             -  -  -  -171 

Guano,          --             -             -  -  -  -171 

Insects  injurious  to  the  Rose,  -  -  -  I72 

Brown's  Fumigator            _         _  -  -  .  172 

Mildew  on  the  Rose,      -----  174 

Propagation  of  Roses  that  bloom  the  whole  season,  175 


PREFACE. 


It  affords  no  small  gratification  to  be  called  upon 
by  the  admirers  of  the  rose,  for  a  third  edition  of 
their  favourite  Rose  Manual,  which  we  now  present, 
having  added  all  the  new  sorts  of  merit,  and  discard- 
ed many  others  that  are  now  deemed  worthless. 
The  universal  diffusion  of  the  pure  moral  and  re- 
fined taste  of  rose  culture  amono;st  the  fair  dauo-hters 
of  Western  Eden,  progresses  equally  with  any 
branch,  study,  or  science  of  this  telegraphic  age — a 
taste  that  is  admired  and  appreciated  by  every  visiter 
and  friend. 

There  is  no  word  of  censure  in  our  vocabulary  that 
can  be  applicable  to  those  who  devote  a  few  of  their 
leisure  hours  to  love,  admire,  and  cultivate  that  emblem 
of  beauty,  the  rose.  I  do  congratulate  its  lovers  (and 
who  are  not  1)  on  the  many  beautiful  distinct  acquisi- 
tions to  this  charming  family,  since  our  previous  edi- 
tion. This  third  offering  contains  every  improve- 
ment in  culture  and  character,  that  has  been  found  of 
practical  value  or  ornament  in  the  Rose,  which  has 
become  within  the  past  few  years  extremely  and  ex- 
tensively popular.  The  increasing  inquiry  for  new 
varieties,  so  absorbs  the  interest  of  both  cultivators  and 


PREFACE. 


purchasers,  that  many  of  the  older  and  approved  kinds 
give  place  to  those  of  more  recent  introduction,  whose 
merits,  to  say  the  most  of  them,  are  questionable. 

As  far  as  possible,  we  have  avoided  entering  into 
detail  on  subjects  not  known  to  us,  or  to  those  in 
this  country  whose  judgment  can  be  relied  upon. 
Were  T\''e  disposed,  it  v\^ould  be  an  easy  method  of 
attraction,  to  republish  the  volumes  of  European  al^ 
thors,  but  we  prefer  to  have  a  smaller  shadow,  and 
hope  a  better  substance  in  detailing  only  what  is,  and 
what  can  be  practised  and  relied  upon  in  this  variable 
climate.  One  deficiency,  which  all  writers  on  the 
Rose  labour  under,  is  the  want  of  a  classical  nomen- 
clature j  many  names  are  entirely  fanciful,  without 
derivation  or  application  ;  catalogues  cannot  generally 
be  depended  upon,  either  in  name  or  description ; 
even  those  who  know  and  do  all  things  more  perfectly 
than  others,  frequently  fall  into  anomalies  of  the  most 
cxLtre  character.  However,  this  does  not  detract  from 
the  beautiful  new  varieties  that  we  have  brought  to 
the  notice  of  our  readers,  and  Vvhoever  of  them  visits 
the  "  City  of  Love,"  bedded  in  roses,  will  find  that  its 
Florists,  Amateurs,  and  devoted  cultivators  are  in  the 
advance,  or  at  least  not  in  the  rear  of  any  people,  or 
portion  of  the  United  States,  in  the  knowledge,  cul- 
ture, and  possession  of  this  Queen  of  Flowers. 

ROBERT  BUIST. 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  U  JUTs^E. 


ROSA    ALPINA 


THS    BOURSArLT    ROSE. 


This  tribe  takes  its  name  from  the  late  Mons. 
Boursault,  a  distinguished  French  amateur  horti- 
culturist. They  are  the  hardiest  of  the  climbing 
roses — easily  known  by  their  long  flexible  shoots, 
of  a  reddish-purple  colour,  and  withstanding  with 
impunity  the  severest  of  our  winters,  flowering  pro- 
fusely early  in  the  season  ;  they  may  well  be  termed 
the  harbingers  of  the  rosary.  They  are  well  adapt- 
ed for  covering  arbours  or  concealing  outbuildings, 
walls,  or  any  other  disagreeable  objects.  They  are 
also  frequently  cultivated  for  stocks,  whereon  to  bud 
other  roses  of  more  rare  character,  which  purpose 
they  will  answer  very  well ;  though  a  plant  thus 
formed  renders  its  durability  uncertain,  being  very 
liable  to  sucker,  or  throw  out  shoots  from  the  ground, 
thereby  taking   away  nourishment  from  the  part  of 


14<  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IX    JUNE. 

the  plant  which  most  requires  it ;  of  course,  all  suck- 
ers or  shoots  below  the  bud  or  graft  must  be  dis- 
placed. It  was  introduced  in  1829-30.  The  fol- 
lowing sorts  are  most  worthy  of  notice. 

Amadis  or  Elegans  are  the  same ;  of  rapid  growth, 
makes  a  most  magnificent  pyramid  of  rich  purple 
crimson ;  the  flowers  are  produced  in  clusters,  are 
perfectly  double,  and  of  considerable  duration.  White 
Boursault^  Blush,  Bengal  Florida,  Rose  de  Lisle,  the 
same  rose,  known  under  all  these,  and  even  some 
other  names ;  the  flowers  are  very  large,  of  a  blush 
colour,  with  a  deep  pink  centre,  pendulous,  and 
very  showy,  but  occasionally  do  not  open  well. 
Gracilis^  is  of  slender  growth,  with  bright  pink 
flowers,  not  fully  double,  but  very  profuse.  Inermis^ 
has  large  bright  pink  flower?,  in  great  profusion  ; 
«:rows  rapidly,  and  is  rendered  the  more  desirable  by 
having  a  little  fragrance,  of  which,  with  this  excep- 
tion, this  group  are  entirely  destitute.  Purpurea^ 
purple  crimson  flowers,  little  more  than  half  double ; 
it  is  the  most  common  of  the  tribe,  and  has  been 
extensively  cultivated  and  sold  under  the  name  of 
Purple  Noisette,  Maheka^  Michigan^  Sec,  and  is 
cultivated  and  sold  from  the  flat  boats  on  the  Ohio 
and  Mississippi  rivers  under  all  these  and  sevenii 
other  names;  compared  with  the  preceding  sorts,  it  'm 
not  worth  culture.     Red  or  Pink  is  the  oldest  variety, 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  15 

Avith  flowers  only  semidouble  ;  the  colour  is  pretty, 
and  its  profusion,  at  a  distance,  make  up  for  deficiency 
of  petals.  The  species  Rosa  Alpina  is  a  native  of 
the  Alps,  where  its  scrubby  habit  has  little  affinity  to 
the  rampant  growers  now  described.  They  should 
have,  wherever  planted,  plenty  of  space  allotted  for 
them  ;  for  after  being  one  or  two  years  established, 
they  will  make  shoots  ten  or  twelve  feet  long.  In 
pruning,  the  oldest  wood  should  be  cut  out,  merely 
to  keep  the  branches  from  being  too  crowded :  the 
tlowers  are  produced  from  the  wood  of  the  preceding- 
year.  They  will  grow  freely  in  any  soil  or  situation, 
and  will  bear  with  impunity  the  severest  winters  of. 
the  northern  states. 


ROSA    SEMPERVIRENS. 

THE    EVERGREEN    ROSE. 

This  rose  and  its  varieties,  although  very  popular 
in  France  and  England,  lose  much  of  the  character 
implied  by  the  name  when  cultivated  in  this  part 
of  the  United  States,  where  they  become  deciduous, 
losing  their  foliage  on  the  approach  of  severe  frost. 
But  in  the  more  favoured  southern  climes,  they  retain 


16     .  noSES    THAT    BLOOM    IX    JUNE. 


it  during  winter,  and  there  grow  and  bloom  in  pro- 
fuse wreaths  or  garlands,  making  them  objects  of 
great  attraction  in  their  season.  They  are  in  colour 
generally  pale,  making  a  decided  contrast  with  the 
Boursault  family.  They  grow  rapidly,  and  are  well 
adapted  for  arches,  grottos,  rockwork,  pillars,  or  trel- 
lises. The  foliage  is  of  a  peculiarly  bright  shining 
green.  Adelaide  d^Orleans  has  flowers  of  apale  rosy 
blush,  very  double  and  perfectly  formed,  in  large 
clusters,  valuable  for  blooming  later  than  any  of  what 
are  termed  June  Roses.  Do?ina  Maria^\nd  Princess 
Maria,  appear  to  be  the  same,  or  so  nearly  alike,  that 
a  distinction  cannot  be  even  faintly  drawn.  Flowers 
nearly  white.  Felicite  Perpetuelle  has  been  recog- 
nized under  many  names  in  Europe,  but  it  is  believed 
to  be  pu7'e  here :  it  is  a  very  perfect  rose,  beautifully 
cupped,  of  a  creamy-white  colour,  and  when  well 
grown  makes  a  magnificent  pyramid.  Myrianthes  is 
of  the  most  regular  form,  being  very  double,  and 
imbricated  to  the  centre ;  a  plant  covered  with  its 
delicate  rosy-coloured  flowers  is  a  charming  object. 
It  has  been  sold  (as  its  name  imports)  as  a  Noisette 
blooming  all  the  season^  a  character  which  it  never 
merited,  never  had,  and  never  will  have.  Semper- 
vireiis  Pleno^  a  pure  white,  is  our  oldest  variety, 
perfectly  double,  and  a  very  desirable  rose  ;  it  is  the 
parent  of  Noisette  Aimee  Vibert,  an  association  which 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOxM    IN    JUNE.  17 


will  long  preserve   it  from   oblivion.     Triomphe  de 
BoIIwiller,  is  a  superb  blush-white  rose,  very  large, 
very  double,  in  great  clusters,  and  agreeably  fragrant; 
in  the  south  it  is  surprisingly  fine,  but  with  us  it  is 
rather  tender.     When  this  rose  first  made  its  appear- 
ance in  France,  it  came  out  as  the  most  beautiful  of 
the  "Teas;"  after  its  more  general  cultivation  it  was 
placed   among  the   Noisettes ;    it  now  falls   back   to 
those  sorts  that   only  bloom   once,  where  it  is  now 
distinguished  under  the  name  of  Sempervirens  odorata. 
After  fourteen  years'  travel  through  the  French  cata- 
logues, it  is  now  set  down  where  it  should  have  been 
placed  at  first,  a  situation   given  to  it  by  me  seven 
years  ago.     There  are  several  other  varieties  of  Rosa 
Sempervirens,  but  none  of  sufficient  interest  or  dis- 
tinction from  the  above  to  claim  any  detailed  notice. 
In  the  southern   states,  this   family,   associated  with 
R.osa   Laevigata  or   Georgia  Evergreen   Rose,  would 
make    a  very  splendid    group    for    covering    fences, 
embankments,  or  any  other  object  where  a  continual 
foliage  was  desirable ;  they   require  very  little   pru- 
ning,  and  would  soon  cover  a  large  space.     They 
could  be  propagated  by  layering  to  any  extent ;  any 
good  soil  will  suit  their  growth.     They  could  also  be 
used  for  covering  the  naked  stems  of  trees  with  great 
advantage,  in  any  ornamental  point  of  view;  if  used 
for  such   a   purpose   they  will   require  a   portion   of 


IS  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

manure  dug  into  the  ground  about  their  roots  every 
winter.  In  pruning,  the  wood  of  several  years  old 
should  be  cut  out,  only  laying  in  the  young  shoots 
their  full  length ;  these  shoots  can  be  turned  and 
twisted  in  any  direction  ;  although  it  is  decidedly 
best  to  lay  them  in  straight  and  equal. 


ROSA    BANKSIANA. 

THE    LADY    BANKS    ROSE. 

When  this  rose  first  made  its  appearance  in  the 
time  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  it  was  hailed  vrith  the 
greatest  rapture  by  every  lover  of  the  tribe,  and  it 
was  instantly  complimented  with  the  name  of  his 
lady.  It  is  the  states  south  of  this  where  it  must 
hi  seen  to  be  pronounced  the  most  graceful,  luxu- 
riant, and  beautiful  of  roses;  there  it  is  a  perfect 
evergreen,  covering  the  ends,  fronts,  and,  in  some 
instances,  the  entire  dwellings  of  many  of  the  in- 
habitants, who  name  it  the  ^'■Evergreen  Midtiflora .-^ 
To  us,  the  beauty  of  the  plant  is  nearly  lost,  being 
too   tender   for   general    planting    in    the    garden ;  * 

*  Though  in  some  very  sheltered  situations  in  this  city  we 
have  seen  plants  covering  a  space  of  forty  feet,  and  producing 
tlipusands  of  flowers. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  19 

when  grown  in  the  greenhouse,  its  beauty  and  luxu- 
riance almost  disappear.  This  thornless  rose  is  so 
perfectly  double  that  it  rarely  produces  seed.  Al- 
though many  European  growers  recognize  and  sell 
several  varieties  of  Banksia  Roses,  yet  there  are 
only  four,  in  our  opinion,  that  deserve  attention ; 
the  others  are  hybrids,  mere  misnomers.  One  cata- 
logue offers  twenty-one  varieties,  all  beautifully 
named,  our  goodly  city  being  complimented  by 
Philadelphica  having  a  place  in  the  list.  The 
liowers  are  produced  on  the  small  twiggy  branches, 
hence  it  is  important  to  divest  the  plants  of  any  long 
rampart  growth  that  it  may  set  forth,  unless  it  is 
required  to  lay  in  to  fill  up  any  vacancy.  The 
White  Banksian  Rose  has  flowers  little  more  than 
half  an  inch  in  diameter,  which  are  of  the  purest 
white,  with  a  delicate  pink  centre,  of  a  very  delightful 
violet  perfume,  and  are  produced  in  a  profusion  of 
small  clusters.  Grandifiora^  white  with  violet  centre, 
larger  than  the  former,  very  fragrant.  Banksia  Vif^ 
or  bright  vellow  Banksia,  flower  larger  than  the  old 
yellow,  of  a  bright  lemon  colour.  The  Yellow  Bank- 
sian Rose,  has  pale  yellow  or  straw-coloured  flowers, 
in  size  rather  larger  than  the  white,  being  perfectly 
imbricated,  and  really  gems  of  beauty,  but  without 
odour ;  if  the  white  were  to  be  seen  apart  from  the 
plant,   by  the   inexperienced,   they  would    never  be 


20  _  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

taken  for  a  rose,  so  unlike  are  they  to  any  of  the 
tribe.  Travelers  inform  us  that  these  roses  are  cul- 
tivated in  China,  under  the  name  of  Wongmoue- 
heong^  where  a  pink  variety  has  been  seen,  for  which 
as  yet  we  have  longed  in  vain ;  but  it  may  now  be 
confidently  expected,  from  the  many  Horticultural 
expeditio?is  at  present  engaged  in  exploring  that 
hitherto  sealed  countrv. 


ROSA    MULTIFLORA. 

THE    MULTIFLORA    EOSE 

Is  a  native  of  Japan,  and  is  consequently  moro 
hardy  than  the  preceding  famih'.  Its  name  is  as 
familiar  to  the  ear  as  that  of  the  rose  itself.  It  was 
among  the  first  that  ever  had  any  celebrity  in  this 
vicinitv,  and  I  have  no  doubt  of  its  having;  been 
cultivated  in  this  countr}'  thirt}^  years  ago.  In  dry 
soils  it  is  tolerably  hardy,  and  south  of  this  per- 
fectly so.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  such  pro- 
fusion that  it  has  often  received  the  cognomen  of 
yyreath-rose.  The  treatment  and  pruning  may  be 
the  same  as  recommended  for  Kosa  Sempervirens. 
Several  varieties  have  been  produced  from  it,  which 


RCSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  21 

ill  some  instances  rivaled  the  original.  ^^Iba  is  a 
blush  white,  in  every  character  similar  to  the  fol- 
lowing, except  in  colour.  Multifloj-a  is  the  name 
of  the  oldest  cultivated  sort.  The  flowers  are  per- 
fectly double,  cupped  shape,  produced  in  clusters 
of  a  pretty  pink  colour,  about  an  inch  in  diameter. 
When  first  brought  into  notice  about  Philadelphia, 
it  is  said  that  twenty  dollars  were  frequently  given 
for  a  single  plant.  Floriculture  has  now  more 
patronage,  and  thousands  of  admirers,  so  that  the 
grower  can  afford  to  put  every  article  at  a  very  low 
rate;  indeed  many  roses,  and  even  the  one  in  ques- 
tion,, can  be  purchased  for  as  many  cents,  so  that 
for  this  trifle  every  garden  in  the  land  may  have 
a  rose.  Grevillia  or  Seven  Sisters,  was  at  one 
period  greatly  esteemed  and  admired  for  its  variety 
of  character ;  although  its  singularity  is  still  the 
same,  yet  its  former  admirers  have  transferred  their 
encomiums  to  other  more  beautiful  sorts.  It  is  a 
fine  grower,  producing  its  flowers  in  large  clusters, 
no  two  of  which  are  alike  j  opening  of  every 
shade,  from  pure  white  to  deep  purple.  Indeed 
this  rose  has  no  compeer ;  it  produces  its  flowers 
single,  semidouble,  and  double,  and  in  such  variety 
of  shade  and  colour,  that  there  are  rarely  two  alike, 
An  east  or  northeast  situation  suits  it  best ;  other* 
wise   the   effect  of  its  variety   is   greatlv  diminished 


EOSES    THAT    BLOOM    IX    JUNE. 


by  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun.  It  requires  a  dry 
sheltered  spot.  Lnure  Davoust  is  the  climax  of 
perfection  in  this  family ;  with  all  the  aid  of  the 
imagination,  its  beaut}-  on  a  well  grown  plant  can- 
not be  pictured.  The  flowers  are  of  various  shades 
of  colour,  from  white  to  a  lovely  deep  pink,  perfect 
in  form ;  the  clusters  are  immense,  and  produced 
from  almost  every  eye  of  the  strong  wood  of  the 
preceding  year;  it  is  of  very  strong  growth,  making 
shoots  of  twenty  feet  in  one  season,  with  very  lux- 
uriant foliage,  and  is  more  hardy  than  the  three 
former.  For  covering  outbuildings,  verandas,  co- 
lumns, temples,  &c.,  it  has  no  superior.  Russel- 
liana,  Scarlet  Grevillia,  Kussell's  Cottage  Rose, 
Cottage  Rose,  and  I  believe  it  is  sold  under  some 
other  titles  besides,  is  considerably  hybridized,  but 
not  so  as  to  lose  its  character  as  a  pillar  rose.  I  have 
pillars  of  it  twenty  feet  high,  forming,  during  the 
month  of  June,  a  very  attractive  object,  having  a 
profusion  of  flowers  of  the  richest  shades  of  crimson  ; 
many  of  them  being  striped  with  white.  From  the 
base  to  the  pinnacle  it  is  one  mass  of  glowing 
beauty.  Perfectly  hardy  in  our  coldest  latitudes,  it 
has  large  rich  green  foliage,  very  distinctly  and  deeply 
nerved ;  the  shoots  are  strong  and  erect,  and  will 
grow  freely  in  any  soil  or  situation.  The  old 
shoots    only   should    be    thinned    out ;    the    young 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  23 

wood  ought  never  to  be  shortened  unless  locality  de- 
mands it.  The  same  style  of  pruning  will  apply  to 
all  the  varieties  of  the  Multiflora.  This  operation 
should  be  performed  early  in  the  spring,  before  the 
buds  swell,  but  never  when  the  wood  is  in  a  frozen 
state.  In  more  southern  climates  pruning  can  be 
done  at  any  period,  from  December  to  January;  but 
in  the  middle  and  eastern  states  it  should  be  underta- 
ken as  soon  as  frost  is  out  of  the  wood,  in  February 
or  March,  and  the  plants  tied  or  nailed  at  once  to 
their  respective  supports.  Multiflora  Graulhie  is  the 
only  pure  white  of  this  group.  I  have  seen  the  flow- 
ers perfectly  double,  rather  larger  than  the  common 
variety  :  a  very  strong  grower,  and  blooms  freely. 


HYBRID    CLIMBING    ROSES. 

Under  this  head  I  have  to  place  several  sorts  that 
have  made  their  appearance,  partaking  of  the  habits 
of  other  families,  but  which,  notwithstanding,  cannot 
be  properly  classed  with  them.  It  is  always  a  diffi- 
cult point  to  decide  on  the  connecting  link  between 
the  various  species  and  varieties  of  the  rose  ;  they 
have  now  become  so  numerous  by  hybridization, 
sports,  and  other  speculative  features,  that  in  many 
instances  there  is  doubt  where  to  place  many  choice 
sorts  that  are  almost  yearly  brought  to  our  notice.     I 


2i.  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

will,  however,  in  no  instance,  follow  the  path  of 
othars  merely  because  the  track  is  made,  but  will,  from 
observation,  make  all  my  own  assertions,  and  give 
my  own  views,  trusting  that  my  readers  will  make 
allowances  for  soil,  climate,  and  a  difference  of  opin- 
ion on  all  subjects. 

Garland  is  a  pretty  white,  producing  its  flowers  in 
clusters,  containing  frequently  from  seventy-five  to  one 
hundred,  forming  a  conical  corymb  of  about  sixteen 
inches  in  diameter,  the  whole  plant  appearing  in  the 
distance  like  a  pagoda  of  snow  interspersed  with  foli- 
age of  the  brightest  green  ;  the  growth  is  very  rapid, 
making  ten  to  twenty  feet  in  a  season.  .Madame 
d\Jrblay,  or  Wells  White  Climber,  has  been  highly 
extolled  ;  in  growth  it  is  the  giant  of  climbers,  for 
strength  and  rapidity  excelling  any  that  1  have  seen  j 
the  foliage  is  also  very  strong,  partaking  in  that  re- 
spect of  the  Bourbon  family.  Its  flowers  are  pure 
white,  like  the  preceding,  and  produced  in  very  large 
bunches.  It  is  of  a  very  hardy  nature,  and  will  with- 
stand severe  cold  without  being  the  least  affected. 
It  is  also  an  excellent  variety  to  propagate  for  stocks 
whereon  to  bud  or  graft  the  finer  sorts  of  Bengal, 
Tea,  or  Bourbon  Roses,  having  no  appearance  of  be- 
ing liable  to  sucker  from  the  root. 

Ruse  Blanche^  or  Bengalensis  Scandens,  is  appa- 
rently a   hybrid  between   some  of  the    Sempervirens 


HOSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  25 

and  Tea  family;  its  very  large  flowers,  about  three 
and  a  half  inches  in  diameter,  perfectly  double,  of  a 
waxy  blush  colour  delicately  suffused  with  white,  are 
objects  of  great  attraction,  and  admired  wherever 
seen  ;  it  is  moreover  a  very  early  rose.  Whoever  has 
visited  the  celebrated  Bartram  Garden,*  near  this  city, 
about  the  end  of  May  or  first  of  June,  must  have  been 
struck  with  its  beauty  there,  spreading  nearly  over 
the  whole  side  of  the  dwelling,  and  covered  with 
thousands  of  pendulous  blushing  beauties.  The  vari- 
ety of  names  under  which  it  is  cultivated  (even  by 
individuals  that  ought  to  see  better)  is  really  amusing. 
Rose  and  White  Noisette,  Striped  Noisette,  Indica 
Major,  Walton  Climber,  a  new  rose  from  Natchez  and 
some  others,  of  which  I  have  no  note,  Jluga,  or  Tea 
Scented  Ayrshire,  is  evidently  a  variety  between  the 
Tea  Rose  and  the  celebated  Ayrshire  Rose,  having  the 
growth  and-  habit  of  the  latter,  with  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  delightful  fragrance  of  the  former.  It 
is  of  the  niost  delicate  blush  colour,  and  tolerably  dou- 
ble; a  profuse  bloomer,  and  seeds  freely.  It  does  well 
as  a  pillar  Rose,  but  has  not  wood  nor  foliage  sufficient 
for  covering  walls  or  arbours.  Fortunes  Yellow  is  not 
worth  a  passing  remark,  if  it  was  not  for  its  assuming 
name.     Colour,  when  grown  under  glass,  a  creamy 

•  Now  Bartram  Hall,  the  property  of  A.  M.  Eastwick,  Esq. 
3 


26  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

muddy  white — when  grown  in  the  open  air,  a  bronzy 
salmon  like  Noisette,  Jaune  Desprez,  flow'ers  nearly 
single,  foliage  like  La  Pactole,  with  the  growth  of  the 
Ayrshire  rose.  ^Istrolabe,  Elegans,  Hybrida,  and  some 
others  of  this  class,  are  not  w^orth  attention;  all  these 
bloom  only  once  in  the  season,  but  are  of  considerable 
duration,  say  six  weeks  in  cold  seasons,  but  if  in  severe 
heat,  their  time  of  inflorescence  will  not  exceed  one 
month.  The  pruning  and  training  recommended  fov 
Rosa  Sempervirens  will  suit  these.  They  are  all  fra- 
grant, and  a  rosary  connot  be  complete  without  them. 
To  grow  them  in  perfection,  they  require  rich  ground 
on  a  dry  bottom;  in  such  a  situation,  after  being  well- 
established,  they  will  make  shoots  twenty  feet  long  in 
one  season. 

ROSA    R  U  B  I  F  O  L  I  A  . 

THE    PRAIRIE    ROSE. 

This  native  is  destined  to  convey  to  every  hall, 
cottage,  and  wigwam  of  the  Union,  the  Rose,  the 
acknowledged  queen  of  flowers.  Its  constitution  is 
such  that  it  \\\l\  bear  without  injury  the  icy  breezes 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  or  the  melting  vapours  of  the 
Mississippi.  It  was  in  1837  that  we  first  saw  a  dou- 
ble variety  of  this  rose,  although  such  as  has  been 
cultivated  in  Ohio  and  Kentucky  for  many  years. 
The  flowers  are  produced  in  large  clusters  of  various 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JU.XE.  27 

shades  of  colour  from  blush  to  deep  rose,  blooming 
with  us  from  the  end  of  June  to  the  end  of  July,  be- 
ing a  period  of  the  year  when  there  are  few  others  in 
a  flowering  state,  thereby  filling  up  a  space   between 
the  first  and  second  blooming  of  the  Noisette,   Tea, 
and  Bourbon  families.     The  foliag^e  is  rouorh,  large, 
and  generally  of  a  dark  green;  the  wood  is    strong 
and  flexible,  and  for  rapidity  of  growth  has  no  equal. 
I  have  no  doubt  that  in  good  soil  it  would  reach  one 
hundred  feet  in  a  very   few  years.     It  is    admirably 
adapted  for  covering  rock    work,   old  buildings,   or 
any  object  requiring  to  be  hid  ;  it  also  delights  in  a 
procumbent  position,  and  can  be  used  for   covering 
naked   spaces  of  rough  ground,  or   even   to   make    a 
flowery  carpet  of  every  shade  of  colour.     For  the  fol- 
lowing varieties  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Samuel  Feast, 
Nurseryman,  Baltimore,  who  raised   them  from  seeds 
of  the  native  Prairie  Eose.     There  is  not  a  rose  fan- 
cier but  will  thank  him  for  opening  a   field  for  the 
hybridizer,   in  which  the  rose   is  to  be  cultivated   to 
admiration,    and  blooming  six  months  of  the  year, 
throughout  every  state   of  the   Union.     These  roses 
will  form  parents  to  be  impregnated   with  the  more 
fragrant  blooming  sorts,  such  as  Bourbon,  Tea,  Bengal 
and  Noisette.     We  may  therefore  expect  from  them 
a  progeny  perfectly  hardy,  and  blooming  at  least  three 
or  four  times   during  the  season.     In  general,    rose 


28  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IX    JUNE. 

growing  is  confined  to  latitudes  south  of  4P,  the  Chi- 
nese varieties,  and  their  hybrids,  that  bloom  constant- 
ly, being  too  tender  to  bear  winter  exposure  north  of 
that  line.     When  we  can  produce  perpetual  blooming 
hybrids  from  this  Kosa  Rubifolia,  they  will  withstand 
every  variety  of  climate,  and  perhaps  may  some  day 
be  seen  covering  the  frozen  hut  of  the   Esquimaux. 
Baltimore  Belle    is    a  creamy    white,  producing  a 
profusion     of    very   compact    and   perfectly  double 
flowers  in  clusters   of  six  to  twelve,  very   splendid. 
Beauty    of  the  Prairies^    or   Queen  of  the  Prairies, 
Mr.  Feast's  No.  1,  is  certainly  the  best  of  the  group, 
having  very  large  rose-coloured  flowers  three  inches  in 
diameter,  frequently  showing  a  stripe  of  white  in  the 
centre  of  each  petal.     They  are  produced  in  clusters, 
in  which  they  always  appear  cup  shaped,  and   stand 
for  several  days  without  being  affected  by  our  scorch- 
ing sun.     Its  foliage  is  very   large,  of  a  dark  green, 
wood   strong  and  of  luxuriant  growth  ;  its  blooming 
succeeds  to  that  of  the  Garden  or  June  Rose,  and  is 
the   link  connecting  its   congeners  with  that  family. 
Pallida,  very  pale  blush,  perfectly  double  ;  this  rose 
appears  to  bloom  finest  when  lying  on  the  ground;  in 
such   a  position  it  forms  a  solid   mass  of  flowers  and 
pale   green  foliage.     Perpetual  Michigaii^  very  dou- 
ble, rosy  purple  flower,  quite  flat ;  this  and  the  follow- 
ing variety   have  a  tendency  to  bloom  a  second  time 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  29 

when  under  exciting  culture.     Superba^  delicate  blush 
of  very  perfect  cup-shape,  blooming  in  fine  clusters, 
and  though  very  similar  to  Pallida^  is   distinguished 
from  it  by  having  more  pink  colour  in  the  centre.     It 
makes  an  elegant  pillar  rose.     The  above  sorts  are 
so  very  double,  that  they  seldom  produce  seed  even 
by  artificial  aid.     The  variety  called  Elegans^   which 
is  generally  grown  in   Ohio    and  Kentucky,  and  in 
some  places  called   Chilicothe  Multiflora^  has   been 
cultivated  here  for  many  years ;  it  is  not  so  double,  of 
a  pink  colour,  seeds  more  freely,  and  when  hybridized 
by  the  Perpetual   and   Chinese   Roses,  will  give,   no 
doubt,  many  varieties.     J\^evia,  white,  very  double,  a 
profuse  bloomer  and  strong  grower.     The  following 
varieties  have  been  grown  from  seed  by  Mr.  Joshua 
Pierce,    Nurseryman,    Washington    city.     Pride   of 
Washington^    rosy   violet,   perfectly    double.      Anne 
Maria^  pink,  large  showy  flower.     Eva  Corinne,  very 
beautiful,  dark   pink,    fragrant.     Mrs.  Pierce^    large 
pale  pink,  in  profuse  clusters.     Mrs.  Hovey^  with  me 
the  same  as   Mrs.  Pierce   in  every  respect.     Trium- 
phant^  bright  cherry  pink,  very  distinct  from  any  of 
tlie  others.     Jane^  pink,  very  perfect  in  form,   quite 
fragrant.     There  are   several  others,  but  entirely  too 
much  assimilated   with  those  named  to  require   any 
notice  j  in  fact  six  sorts  will  embrace  all   the  colours 
and  distinctive  characters  of  the  family. 
3* 


30  ROSES    THAT.  BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

I  have  bloomed  hundreds  from  seedlings  that  gave 
the  greatest  promise,  but  none  of  them  equal  to  those 
above  described,  and  1  do  not  like  the  idea  of  retro- 
grading where  there  is  such  a  field  for  advancing. 
They  are  all  very  easily  propagated  by  layering  in 
July:  give  the  shoot  of  the  present  year's  growth  a 
twist,  and  then  bury  the  twisted  part  six  inches  under 
ground;  in  November,  it  will  be  well  rooted,  andean 
then  be  cut  off  and  transplanted  in  any  desired  situa- 
tion; the  tasteful  husbandman  may  thus  cover  every 
unsightly  fence  rail. 

Having  briefly  disposed  of  the  tribes  of  Climbing 
Koses,  that  bloom  only  once  in  the  season,  a  few  hints 
on  their  general  culture  will  be  in  place. 

They  will  grow  luxuriantly  on  any  aspect  or  situa- 
tion, provided  they  are  not  entirely  shaded  by  trees 
over  head.  The  roots  of  trees  and  plants  generally 
are  of  a  growth  proportionate  to  that  of  their 
branches  ;  from  this  data,  and  experience  proves  it, 
we  find  that  roses  of  strong  growth  make  strong  roots, 
striking  deep  into  the  soil,  and  extending  horizontally 
in  quest  of  food  fo  a  surprising  length;  they  require  a 
rich  soil,  which,  before  planting,  should  be  well  pul- 
verized and  freely  broken ;  it  should  be  of  a  character 
inclining  more  to  sand  than  clay;  if  the  latter  pre- 
dominate it  must  be  well  incorporated  with  sand  and 
old  manure  until  it  becomes  of  a  friable  nature.    With 


EOSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  31 

two  feet  depth  of  such  a  soil,  they  will  grow  many 
years,  and  bloom  profusely.  When  any  decline  is 
observed,  it  will  indicate  that  they  are  in  want  of 
nourishment,  which  can  easily  be  supplied  by  digging 
in  about  their  roots  three  or  four  inches  thick  of  ma- 
nure or  rich  compost.  For  such  an  operation  the 
month  of  November  to  early  in  the  spring  is  the  best 
period  of  the  year.  Wherever  their  situation  may  be, 
all  the  pruning  they  require  is  merely  to  thin  out  the 
wood  where  it  is  too  crowded,  and  to  keep  it  within 
bounds.  I  have  seen  fine  plants  of  many  of  the  roses 
now  described  totally  ruined  for  one  year  by  the  free 
use  of  the  knife. 

Where  manure  cannot  be  conveniently  obtained, 
fresh  soil  from  the  woods  or  rich  grounds  will  be  of 
great  service ;  an  occasional  w^atering  with  soap- 
suds is  also  very  beneficial  to  the  rose.  In  city 
gardens  we  have  often  seen  a  few  inches  of  very 
common  poor  soil  thrown  over  clay,  old  bricks, 
lime  rubbish,  &c.,  whereon  roses  were  planted,  and 
grew  well  the  first  season,  but  the  following  they 
made  barely  sufficient  wood  and  foliage  to  keep 
them  green  j  the  result  was  unsatisfactory,  and  the 
I'ault  laid  to  the  rose ;  whereas  the  whole  fault  was 
in  the  preparation  of  the  ground.  "Anything  that 
is  worth  doing  at  all,  is  worth  doing  well,"  is  g 
maxim  always  to  be  kept  in  mind  in  all  gardeninp- 
operations. 


32     •  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 


ROSA    RUBIGINOSA. 

THE    SWEET    BRIER. 

The  Eglantine  has  been  the  theme  of  poets  and 
lovers  for  many  centuries.  It  is  to  be  found  in  some 
sort  growing  wild  in  many  parts  of  both  hemispheres. 
To  the  flower  there  is  no  special  beauty  attached, 
being  a  very  simple-looking  single  pink  blossom. 
Although  there  may  be  great  beauty  in  simplicity, 
yet  to  admirers  of  the  rose,  singleness  is  at  once  an 
objection.  The  odour  emitted  by  the  plant  after  a 
shower,  or  when  fresh  with  the  dews  of  evening  and 
morning,  is  certainly  very  grateful,  and  even  deli- 
cious. Wherever  there  is  a  hedge  to  be  planted,  it 
should  have  a  ft^w  plants  of  the  s^veet  brier  inter- 
spersed ;  it  bears  clipping  well,  and  even  a  hedge 
of  itself  would  prove  a  garden  ornament  rarely 
equalled,  being  of  a  lively  green,  and  its  many  asso- 
ciations will  make  it  alwa3's  pleasing.  To  keep  it 
within  bounds,  it  can  be  freely  clipped  or  sheared 
twice  a  year,  and  should  not  be  allowed  to  get  over 
four  feet  high.  The  plant  grows  in  many  of  our 
woods,  and  is  described  by  some  American  botanists, 
although    others   considered  it  to  be  an   acclimated 


feCSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUN£.  33 


foreigner ;  be  that  as  it  may,  its  fragrance  and  quali- 
ties are  the  same,  and  familiar  to  all.  Growers  and 
sellers  have  taken  the  advantage  either  by  hybrid- 
izing or  natural  appearance,  and  have  introduced 
to  our  notice  Douhh  Yellow  Sweet  Briers,  Double 
White  Sweet  Briers,  Double  Red  Sweet  Briers,  Celes- 
tial Sweet  Briers,  Double  Striped  Sweet  Briers,  and 
what  will  come  next  cannot  be  divined.  Some  of 
these  are  certainly  well  worth  attention,  and  others 
are  about  as  much  like  a  raspberry  bush  as  a  sweet 
brier.  However,  the  following  may  be  cultivated, 
observing  that  they  have  none  of  the  climbing  cha- 
racter of  the  original.  Celestial,  very  pale  blush, 
approaching  to  white  ;  flowers  small  and  double ; 
foliage  small,  and  has  a  little  of  the  spicy  odour  so 
agreeable  in  the  original.  It  appears  to  be  a  hybrid, 
between  the  Eglantine  and  the  Scotch  Rose.  Bose 
Angle  has  bright  rosy  red  flowers,  quite  double, 
grows  freely ;  foliage  stronger  than  the  preceding, 
and  equally  as  fragrant.  Double  Red,  or  Double 
Scarlet,  has  a  stiff  strong  habit,  with  very  large 
dark  green  foliage  ;  flowers  of  a  dark  rosy  red 
colour,  quite  large  and  perfectly  double ;  its  habit 
is  quite  dwarf  and  stiff.  Double  White  Hip,  or  Sweet 
Brier;  this  is  too  different  from  the  original  to  be 
classed  with  it;  they  are,  however,  remotely  con- 
nected.    The  growth  is  very  strong;  we  have  plant.s 


34  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

seven  feet  high,  making  a  very  superb  pillar ;  the 
foliage  is  large,  of  a  pale  silvery  gieen;  the  flowers 
are  very  perfectly  cupped,  of  a  rose-while  colour. 
The  Double  Yellow  Sweet  Brier*  will  be  nearly  as 
difficult  to  find  as  the  Yellow  Moss ;  all  I  have  seen 
with  that  name  are  mere -interlopers,  being  the  Eosa 
Harrisonii,  Williams'  Yellow  Scotch,  and  some  not 
even  meriting  the  name  of  yellow.  Strong  shoots 
of  the  common  sweet  brier  make  very  good  stocks 
to  bud  or  graft  upon,  and  are  extensiv»?ly  used  in 
England  for  that  pur^^ose. 


ROSA    LTTEA 


THE    YELLOW    AUSTRIAN    KOSE. 


Botanists  do  not  appear  to  agree  in .  considering 
Eosa  Lutea  and  Rosa  Sulphurea  as  distinct  species. 
But  we  will  proceed  regarding  them  as  one.  There 
are  hundreds,  if  not  thousands,  of  varieties  of  the 
rose  family  cultivated ;  among  such  a  progeny  it  is 

*  The  Austrian  Brier,  or,  as  it  is  called.  Single  Yellow  Sweet 
Brier,  is  very  common  in  many  old  gardens.  The  flowers  are 
equally  as  bright  as  the  Harrisonii,  with  one  side  of  the  petals, 
in  certain  stages,  inclining  to  red. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  35 

rather  remarkable  that  there  are  so  few  yellow,  and 
none  black ;  yet  there  are  no  two  colours  more 
sought  for.  The  Rosa  Sulphurea^  or  Double  Yellow 
of  Lindley,  has  never  been  seen  in  a  single  state,  it 
is  a  very  old  inhabitant  of  the  gardens  of  Europe, 
though  comparatively  rare  here.  In  Scotland,  twenty- 
five  years  ago,  I  saw  a  plant  of  it,  which  was  then 
considered  a  great  curiosity,  though  it  appeared  to 
have  been  there  a  quarter  of  a  century ;  it  always 
showed  a  profusion  of  buds,  but  rarely  a  well-blown 
flower ;  it  never  felt  the  pruning  knife,  being  left 
to  nature.  History  first  notices  it  as  being  cultivated 
in  Turkey.  Nothing  of  its  origin  is  as  yet  known, 
though  supposition  give  it  a  locality  on  the  fertile 
soil  of  the  Chinese  empire.  This  rose  has  produced 
a  great  deal  of  money  to  the  French  venders,  espe- 
cially those  charlatans  who  make  their  market  in 
strange  places,  where  they  never  intend  to  appear 
ao^ain  under  the  same  name,  ii  has  travelled  from 
east  to  west  as  the  Double  Yellow  Provins^  Double 
Yellow  Moss,  &c.  The  foliage  is  small,  of  a  pale 
yellowish-green,  the  wood  rather  slender  and  weakj 
studded  wilh  small  thorns;  the  branches  spreading. 
There  is  a  large  plant  of  it  that  has  been  in  the 
garden  of  the  late  Henry  Pratt,  Esq.,  near  this  city, 
for  perhaps  thirty  years,  and  has  never  b^en  known 
to   produce   a   perfect    flower.      It    is    said    that    the 


36  KOSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 


gardens  of  Florence,  Leghorn,  and  other  parts  of  Tus- 
cany, produce  this  rose  in  perfection,  which  proves 
that  it  requires  a  dry  rich  soil  and  an  even  tempera- 
ture to  bring  it  to  perfection. 

Persian  Yellow  is  a  rose  of  very  recent  introduc- 
tion, of  the  most  brilliant  golden  colour,  quite  double, 
large  firm  petals,  cup-form,  a  strong  grower,  blooming 
profusidy,  casting  all  other  yellow  roses  entirely  in 
the  shade,  a  stronger  grower  than  the  Harrisonii  and 
requiring  the  same  treatment,  blooming  as  early  and 
equall}'-  as  profuse. 

Harriso?m\  Hogg''s  Yellow^  Yellow  Sweet  Brie?'. — 
This  very  pretty  yellow  rose  was  grown  by  a  Mr. 
Harrison,  near  New  York,  about  twenty  years  ago, 
and  is  evidently  a  seedling  from  the  Yellow  Austrian ; 
its  growth,  after  being  w^ell  established,  is  quite  luxu- 
riant, often  making  shoots  six  feet  long  in  one  season. 
The,  wood  is  of  a  dark  reddish  brown  colour,  with 
strong  straight  thorns,  the  foliage  small,  of  a  dark 
rich  green ;  the  flowers  open  of  a  globular  form,  and 
appear  like  as  many  golden  balls ;  when  open  they 
are  about  two  inches  in  diameter,  and  nearly  double, 
blooming  very  early  in  the  season,  and  in  great  pro- 
fusion; it  seeds  rather  sparingly,  but  wall  no  doubt 
produce  many  fine  varieties.  It  delights  in  a  good 
deep  loamy  soil,  although  it  may  grow  in  any  soil  or 
exposure;   seeds  saved   from  it  should  be  sown  and 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  37 

protected  with  the  greatest  care,  and  at  no  distant  pe- 
riod we  may  anticipate,  from  this  very  plant,  yellow 
roses  possessing  all  the  requisites  of  colour  and  form 
thalj  the  amateur  can  desire.  The  pruning  must  be 
done  very  sparing-ly ;  if  the  plant  gets  crowded,  thin 
out  the  branches ;  the  overgrown  and  straggling  shoots 
can  be  shortened  to  any  required  length. 


ROSA    SPINOSISSIM  A. 

THE  SCOTCH.  OR  BURNKT  ROSE. 

This  species  of  the  rose  takes  its  name  from  its  be 
ing  very  thorny.  It  is  in  habit  very  much  assimila- 
ted to  the  yellow  roses,  though,  of  a  m.ore  spiny  or 
thorny  nature.  It  has  been  found  growing  in  many 
of  the  Alpine  districts  of  Europe,  though  it  is  gener- 
ally known  as  the  Scotch  Rose,  deriving  its  namie 
from  the  fact  of  the  first  introduction  of  it  in  a  dou- 
ble state  having  been  by  the  Messrs.  Brown,  Nurser}'- 
men,  of  Perth,  (Scotland.)  As  a  stimulant  to  rose 
■growers,  I  will  relate  what  I  have  heard  from  the  late 
Mr.  Eobert  Brown,  who  domiciled  near  this  city, 
and  was  the  very  individual  who  planted  the  seeds 
and  distributed  thousands  of  this  rose  through  the  flo- 


38  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    Jt'NE. 

rlcultural  world.     He  333^3  that  "  in  or  about  the  year 
1793  he  introduced  to  his  nursery,  fi-om  a  hill  in  the 
neighborhood,  seeds  saved  from  this  rose,  which  pro- 
duced semi-double  flowers,  and  by  continuing  a  selec- 
tion of  seeds,  and  thus  raising  new  plants  every  year, 
they  in  1803  had   eight  good  double  varieties   to  dis- 
pose of;  being  white,  yellow,  shades  of  blush,  red  and 
marble  ;  from  these  the  stock  was  increased,  and  hun- 
dreds of  varieties  obtained  which  have  been  diffused 
over  all  Europe."     Several  of  them  are  cultivated  in 
this  country.      We   may  safely   assert  that  this  patri- 
arch of  horticulture   was  the  first  to  grow  roses  from 
seed  on  a   grand  scale  half  a   century  ago.     He   died 
in  the  autumn  of  1845,  and  is  interred  in  Philadelphia 
Cemetery.     He  lived  in  the  enjoyment  of  all  his  fac- 
ulties, retaininsr  at  an  advanced  ac;e  much  of  his  for- 
mer   originalit}'  of  mind,   and  to  him   I  am   indebted 
for  the  communication  of  many   practical   facts,  the 
results    of   his    long  and    valuable    experience.     The 
original  varieties  of  this  rose  are  not  esteemed  by  am- 
ateurs in  this  country.     In  my  twenty-two  years  prac- 
tice as  an  American  Nurseryman  I  have  not  sold  fifty 
plants  of  it ;  but  recent  hybrids  have   given  som.e  of 
them  a  tendency  to  bloom  three  or  four  times  during 
the  season,  causing  them  to  be  more  admired,  which 
will   be   noticed   under  the   head  of  peiyztual  Roses. 
In  pruning,  treat  it  as  described  for  the  Yellow  Rose. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JU.NE.  30 


ROSA    CENTIFOLIA. 

THE  PR0VIN3,  OR  CATJBAGE  ROSE. 

This  very  celebrated  and  justly  popular  rose  has 
been  an  inhabitant  of  English  gardens  for  nearly 
three  hundred  years ;  its  native  country  is  rather 
obscure,  though  vague  tradition  says  it  comes  from 
the  east,  a  term  of  great  breadth  and  length ;  how- 
ever, Bieberstein  asserts  having  seen  it  growing  on  the 
Caucasus.  Some  supposed  that  this  is  the  rose  men- 
tioned by  Pliny  as  being  a  great  favourite  among  the 
Romans.  In  this  taste  the  modern  world  still  agree, 
for  it  disputes  the  palm  of  beauty  with  its  sisters  of 
the  present  day;  although  it  has  been  crossed  and 
amalgamated  with  many  others,  few  of  the  progeny 
outvie  the  parent  in  size,  beauty,  perfection  and  fra- 
grance. In  the  humid  air  of  Britain,  it  blooms,  for 
two  months  in  the  summer,  around  almost  every 
cottage ;  but  with  us,  two  or  three  weeks  in  June 
display  every  flower,  and  if  the  weather  is  very  hot, 
they  flower  and  fade  in  a  day.  I  confess  that  there  is 
great  difficulty  in  deciding  on  the  varieties  that  do 
belong  to  this  species,  but  as  w^e  intend  to  describe 
only  the  finest,  the  specific  character  will  not  aff'ect 


40  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

the  quality.  The  Provins  or  Cabbage  JRose  takes  its 
name  from  a  town  about  twenty  leagues  from  Paris, 
where  it  is  extensively  grown  for  distilling ;  Cabbage, 
from  the  form  of  the  rose,  being  of  a  large  round 
cupped  form,  never  expanding  flat.  Some  suppose 
that  its  name  is  Provence,  from  a  province  in  the 
south  of  France,  of  which  it  is  said  to  be  a  native ; 
the  authority  is  rather  vague,  and  not  adopted  by  the 
scientific.  The  colour  is  a  clear  delicate  pink,  the 
wood  strong,  distantly  studded  with  thorns.  The 
Unique,  or  White  Provins,  is  a  sported  branch  from 
the  old  variety,  differing  in  colour,  and  also  in  the 
shape  of  flower,  being  weaker,  having  the  petals  m.ore 
<;rumpled,  and  not  so  cupped;  the  colour  is  pure  white, 
though  it  is  liable  to  sport,  for  I  have  seen  it  a  pretty 
blush,  and  in  some  instances  striped  and  margined. 
Belgic,  or  Dutch  Provins,  is  even  larger  than  the 
\;abbage,  being  four  or  five  inches  in  diameter ;  colour 
red;  buds  large  and  very  splendid,  and  is  the  most 
common  rose  in  the  country — called  the  Cabbage 
Pose,  from  which  it  differs  very  materially  in  the 
wood  not  having  such  strong  prickles,  though  of 
more  free  growth ;  the  flower  also  expands  fully, 
which  the  cabbage  never  does.  Duchesne  is  a  large 
blush,  and  a  good  bloomer,  with  Avell-formed  flowers. 
Duchesse  d^ Orleans  is  perhaps  a  little  hybridized, 
and  is  a  very  splendid  variety,  of  a  bright  rosy  pink 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  41 

colour,  inclining  to  blush  towards  the  edge.  It  is 
a  o;ood  o;rower  and  free  bloomer.  Belle  Ruineuse 
is  a  beautiful  light  blush  pink,  very  double,  and 
finely  cupped.  Cricks,  or  Yorkshire  Provins,  has 
very  much  the  appearance  of  the  old  Cabbage  Pro- 
vins,  though  a  shade  darker,  and  opens  its  flowers 
more  freely.  Crested  Provins,  frequently,  though 
erroneously,  called  Crested  Moss,  is  the  very  best 
of  the  group  j  its  striking  peculiarity  consists  in  the 
green  silken  mossy  fringe  surrounding  the  sepals  of 
the  calyx,  as  it  were,  half  enveloping  the  bud — a 
regular  moustache,  far  more  elegant  and  beautiful 
in  the  estimation  of  refined  taste  than  any  of  those 
worn  by  the  exquisites  of  the  day.  Its  bright  rosy 
pink  buds  are  large,  the  bloom  opening  very  perfect 
and  pendant.  If  grown  on  a  standard,  about  two 
to  four  feet  high,  the  beauty  is  improved.  This 
very  curious  rose  is  said  to  be  a  sport  from  the  Pro- 
vins  Cabbage,  and  when  fully  expanded  it  might 
be  taken  for  a  fine  variety  of  such,  though  the  foliage 
is  stronger,  and  of  a  better  colour  than  the  original. 
Reine  Caroline  may  be  placed  with  the  Provins,  and 
will  vie  in  beauty  with  any.  It  is  desirable  from 
its  being  about  two  weeks  later  than  any  of  the  pre- 
ceding ;  the  flower  is  large,  colour  deep  pink,  varying 
to  blush.  It  grows  freely,  and  is  a  great  bloomer. 
Grand  Bercam  is  among  the  darkest,  being  a  deep 


42  KOSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

rose  colour ;  flowers  quite  large,  though  not  so  perfect 
as  some  others.  The  Provins  Rose  has  undergone  so 
much  hybridizing  by  cultivators,  that  it  has,  in  many 
instances,  been  eclipsed  in  colour,  growth,  and  habit, 
though  few  will  say  that  it  is  excelled  in  beauty  of 
form.  The  striped  and  hybrid  varieties  from  it  w"ill 
come  under  their  proper  heads,  the  best  of  which  will 
be  fully  described.  They  require  a  free  rich  loamy 
soil ;  close  pruning,  that  is,  shortening  the  shoots  of 
the  preceding  year  to  three  or  four  eyes,  keeps  them 
in  the  best  order ;  choosing  the  month  of  February 
for  the  operation. 


ROSA    CKNTIFOLIA,   var.   MUSCOSA. 

THE    MOSS    K05E.* 

This  much  admired  rose  is  unquestionably  a  mere 
variety  of  the  Provins ;  although  its  origin  remains  in 
obscurity,  it  has  been  repeatedly  proven  to  produce 
flowers,   without    any  moss,   on   either  buds,  leaves, 

*  In  very  cold  latitudes,  "where  the  thermometer  falls  fre- 
quently below  zero,  all  the  Moss  Roses  are  better  for  being 
protected  by  dry  leaves  or  a  mat,  except  Luxembourg  and  the 
Perpetual  White,  which,  1  am  informed,  stand  out  most  rigor- 
ous winters. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    I^'    JUNE.  43 

or  branches.  In  1836  a  plant  in  my  nursery  had  a 
large  shoot  on  it  that  sported  back  to  the  Provins, 
and  entirely  destitute  of  its  mossy  coat.  I  believe 
that  Sir  James  Smith  mentions,  in  "Rees'  Cyclo- 
paedia," that  in  Italy  it  loses  its  mossiness  almost 
immediately  through  the  influence  of  climate.  It 
was  first  noticed  about  the  years  1720  to  17'24<,  and 
is  mentioned  by  Miller  in  1727.  There  is  no  rose 
that  has  been  and  is  still  so  highly  esteemed  as  the 
Moss,  [t  is  figured  and  emblazoned  in  every  quarter 
of  the  globe ;  every  rose  that  has  the  word  7720s.? 
attached  to  it  increases  in  value,  and  this  fact  has 
brought  many  under  this  head  having  very  little  of 
its  character;  and  among  them  all  it  is  question- 
able if  there  is  one  so  very  beautiful  in  bud  as  the 
common  Moss  Rose,  generally  known  under  the 
name  of  Red  Moss,  in  contradistinction,  I  suppose, 
to  white,  for  it  is  not  red ;  it  is  purely  rose-colour, 
and  in  bud  is  truly  lovely,  but  when  full  blown  it 
has  no  peculiar  attraction.  Blush  Moss  is  in  colour 
as  its  name  indicates.  The  Crimson^  Damask,  or 
Tinwell  Moss  is,  when  opening,  a  shade  deeper  in 
colour  than  the  common  Moss,  the  foliage  larger, 
v^ood  stronger  and  more  mossy,  and  if  the  old  Moss 
Rose  has  a  competitor,  it  is  in  this.  Angdiqiu 
Quetier  is  a  strong  growing  plant,  with  rather  sin- 
gular foliage  ;  the  flowers  are  very  double,  of  a  cherry 


44i  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

red  colour.  Louise  Colet  is  of  a  delicate  rose  colour. 
Rouge,  Rouge  de  Luxembourg,  Fcrrugineuse,  VieiUard 
and  Luxembourg  Moss ;  this  brilliant  Moss  is  known 
under  all  tl  ese  names,  and  like  all  fine  roses,  it  has 
many  synonymes ;  the  flowers  are  bright  red,  imbri- 
cated, and  perfectly  double  j  the  whole  plant  is  very 
mossy,  and  has  a  brown  appearance ;  it  is  a  free 
grower,  and  appears  to  do  better  in  this  climate  than 
any  of  the  others  ;  it  seeds  profusely  without  artificial 
means.  1  have  had  several  plants  from  it  without 
any  mossy  appearance,  and  others  distinctly  mossy 
Malvina  is  also  a  free  seeder;  the  flowers  are  pink, 
very  compact,  but  it  will  never  gratify  the  nasal 
organ.  Pro!  if  ere,  or  Mottled  Moss,  is  a  very  free 
bloomer,  though  the  mottled  part  of  its  character 
is  not  easily  detected.  It  grows  freely,  and  forms  a 
fine  variety  of  a  deep  rose  colour.  Oscar  Foulard  is 
very  pretty,  with  compact  flowers  of  a  rosy  violet 
colour;  the  plant  is  very  mossy,  and  blooms  pro- 
fusely. Pompon  Feu,  a  very  expressive  name  for 
this  bright  red  miniature  rose.  It  appears  to  grow 
v.^ell  with  us,  but  will  never  be  admired  at  a  distance. 
Ponctuee  is  only  a  half  double  rose,  but  beautifully 
spotted  with  white,  and  if  impregnated  with  others, 
will  make  an  excellent  variety  from  which  to  grow 
new  sorts.  Provins  Moss,  or  Unique  de  Provins,  is  a 
fac-simile  of  the  old  Unique,  or  AYhite  Provins  Rose, 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IX    JUXE.  45 

only  mossed  J  its  habit  is  similar,  and  equally  robust, 
with  large  white  flowers,,  blooming  in  the  same  mag- 
nificent clusters;  it  is  yet  quite  rare,  but  with  the 
present  facilities  for  propagating,  it  cannot  long  re- 
main so.  Mauget  or  Perpetual  Red  Moss;  this  long 
dreamed  of,  and  wished  for  rose,  has  at  last  made  its 
appearance;  the  wood  is  of  a  very  delicate  growth, 
and  quite  short;  it  blooms  two  or  three  times  in  the 
season,  of  a  rosy  pink  colour,  flowers  medium  size, 
and  not  fully  double;  its  beauties  are  more  imaginary 
than  real;  it  is,  however,  a  perpetual  blooming  Moss 
Rose,  and  very  desirable.  Comtesse  de  Jlurifiais, 
white  occasionally  edged  with  pink.  Ge?ieral  Dronat^ 
red,  blooming  twice  during  the  season,  and  called  per- 
petual. Herman  Kegel^  rosy  crimson,  floweiing  fre- 
quently during  the  season,  also  a  perpetual.  Princess 
Royal,  pale  pink  of  strong  growth,  a  profuse  bloomer. 
^^lice  Leroi,  in  growth  forms  a  great  contrast  to  the 
Perpetual,  being  a  very  strong  and  free  grower,  and 
appears  to  suit  our  climate  well ;  the  flowers  are 
large  and  double,  of  a  rosy  lilac  colour.  Pompoii,  or 
Moss  de  Meaux,  is  very  small,  and  is  the  earliest  of 
rosps,  blooms  in  clusters,  of  a  delicate  pink  colour ; 
the  plant  is  very  dwarf,  and  diflicult  of  cultivation, 
unless  in  a  sandy  rich  soil,  where  it  grows  and  holds 
permanently.  Panachtz  Pleine,  or  Double  White 
Striped  Moss,  has  as  yet  produced  flowers  of  pure 


4-3  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 


white  striped  with  pink,  but  it  may  be  expected 
(like  many  other  striped  roses)  to  produce  flowers 
pure  white  or  pink.  I  have  often  seen  the  old  White 
Moss  have  one-half  the  flower  white,  and  the  other 
half  pink.  Sab'ed  is  only  half  double,  of  a  bright 
rose  colour,  freque'ntly  spotted  with  red.  SoJis  Sepales 
is  flesh  coloured,  the  edges  of  the  petals  pale  rose, 
affording  a  very  distinct  variety.  The  White  Bath^ 
or  Clifton  3Ioss,  is  pure  white,  of  rather  delicate 
growth,  and  rather  deficient  in  the  "mossy  coat"  so 
much  admired  in  this  tribe.  If  it  had  the  beauty, 
while  in  bud,  of  the  old  moss,  it  would  be  an  invalu- 
able acquisition;  it  is  said  to  have  originated  from^  a 
sportive  branch  of  the  common  Moss  Eose.  in  Eng- 
land, about  thirty-five  years  ago,  when  it  first  "  came 
out,"  it  brought  in  the  guineas  at  a  great  rate.  Prin- 
cess Addaide^  is  a  hybrid  variety  of  great  luxuriance — 
growing  six  to  eight  ie^i  in  a  season,  producing  its 
ver}^  perfect  rosy  blush  flowers,  in  large  clusters,  and 
is  generally  known  as  the  Borhon  Moss.  Laffay^s 
Perpetual  White  Moss,  or  the  Quatre  Saisons  Mous- 
seux  of  the  French,  is  pure  white,  and  is  very  pretty 
when  in  bud,  which  it  produces  in  clusters.  The 
expanded  rose  has  no  attraction,  but  the  profusion 
amply  makes  up  for  this ;  if  grown  in  rich  free  soil  it 
produces  flowers  the  whole  season  ;  in  such  a  soil  I 
have   a  plant   no^v   (August)   entirely   covered   with 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  47 

l>unches  of  flowers.  On  paying  a  visit  to  a  public 
sale  last  spring  I  saw  it  sold  under  the  very  enticing 
name  of  "The  New  White  Cluster  Moss."  Such 
christenings  are  an  injury  to  both  seller  and  pur- 
chaser. The  Moss  Rose  in  this  country  is  a  plant  of 
very  difficult  culture  unless  in  a  rich  sandy  soil;  but 
if  it  is  once  fairly  established  in  a  rich  deep  loam,  it 
will  make  shoots  six  feet  long;  when  such  can  be 
obtained,  its  permanency  is  sure.  To  encourage  its 
growth,  fresh  soil,  well  incorporated  with  manure, 
should  be  dug  in  about  its  roots  every  winter.  The 
pruning  must  be  done  sparingly.  If  the  plants  are 
kept  low  they  never  do  well,  often  dying  off  as  soon 
as  they  have  done  blooming.  I  have  lost  three  or 
four  hundred  in  a  single  season  by  overdoing  the 
operation;  but  if  they  are  kept  in  bushes  four  or  five 
feet  above  ground,  they  will  grow^  admirably;  they 
also  delight  in  an  airy  exposed  situation.  Moss  Roses 
in  variety  are  very  scarce,  even  in  Europe;  no  estab- 
lishment can  supply  them  in  any  quantity.  The  cata- 
logues are  more  full  than  the  stock ;  there  are  many 
sorts  yearly  added  to  the  lists,  w'hich  are  mere  abor- 
tions when  compared  with  what  is  known  as  the 
Moss  Rose.  The  new  sorts  are  all  budded  on  the 
French  Eglantine,  and  form  small  trees,  that  require 
to  be  kept  free  from  the  suckers  which  push  up  from 
the  roots,  or  the  grafts  would  be  impoverished  and  die. 


48  ROSES    THAT    BLOOr.I    IN    JUNE. 


Rose  trees  are  quite  fashionable,  but  they  must  in  no 
case  be  allowed  to  put  forth  any  shoots  below  the  bud 
or  head  of  the  plant.  Standard  or  tree  roses  trained 
in  parasol  or  umbrella  shape,  make  very  interesting 
objects,  and  the  flowers  they  produce  are  all  fully 
exposed  to  the  eye,  and  appear  as  though  almost  float- 
ino;  in  the  air. 


ROSA    GALLIC  A 


THE    ROSE    OF    FRANCE. 


This  rose  takes  its  name  from  its  great  abundance 
in  hedges  and  other  cultivated  sfrounds  in  France. 
Some  writers  consider  it  "evidently  the  hundred- 
leaved  rose  of  Pliny,"  so  that  it  must  have  been 
long  known  in  cultivation.  It  is  rather  curious  that 
the  French  call  it  Rose  de  Provi?is,  while  the  English 
give  it  the  name  of  French  Rose.  It  is  a  very  great 
seed-bearer,  and  has  consequently  been  much  used  by 
florists  in  crossing  with  other  varieties  to  produce  new 
sorts;  the  results  have  been  hundreds,  though  more 
astonishing,  in  many  instances,  for  their  exalted  names 
than  for  any  other  merits;  yet  there  are  many  of  the 
most  perfect  character,  composed  of  numerous  and 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  49 

regularly  formed  petals,  with  colours  of  almost  every 
imaginable  shade.  The  distinguishing  features  of  this 
family  are  strong  upright  flower-stalks,  want  of  large 
prickles,  rigid  leaves,  and  compact  growth.  The 
colours  vary  from  pink  to  the  deepest  shades  of 
crimson.  Nearly  all  the  striped,  mottled,  and  varie- 
^ited  roses  have  originated  in  this  group  j  the  recent 
varieties  and  improvements  of  character  have  gone 
beyond  all  calculation,  and  we  may  safely  arrive  at 
the  conclusion  that  roses  of  every  imaginable  colour, 
except  blue  and  black,  will  be  in  cultivation  at  no 
distant  period ;  and  then  it  will  be  nothing  remark- 
able to  see  white  roses  edged  with  crimson,  and  crim- 
son edged  with  Avhite.  Even  now  I  confess  that  to 
give  a  faint  description,  is  a  task  of  considerable  diffi- 
culty. It  is  a  vast  garland,  every  link  of  which  shines 
out  in  harmonious  variety;  but  from  this  wreath  1 
will  cull  only  those  of  merit,  and  which  will  be 
ahvays  worthy  of  culture  for  some  g)od  quality. 
^ifricaine^  or  Belle  Africaine^  is  one  of  the  very 
darkest;  if  seen  as  soon  as  open,  it  approaches  nearer 
hliick  than  any  other,  but  soon  fades  to  dark  crimson. 
The  flower  is  very  double  and  compact.  Aurora  \s 
a  bright  pink,  of  the  hundred-leaved  style  ;  it  grows 
and  blooms  freely.  Amourin  has  an  agreeable  rosy 
blush  colour  in  its  imbricated  and  perfectly  double 
flower.     Baron  de  Stael  blooms  perfectly,  and  always 


50  KOSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

gives  satisfaction,  Avith  its  pale  cherry-coloured  floAvers, 
which  are  large  and  perfectly  formed.  Belle  .'Jmabile^ 
dark  shaded  red,  always  large  and  attractive,  with 
bold  full  petals,  and  contrasts  well  with  the  shaded 
pink  flowers  of  Bishop.  Champion  has  very  bright 
red  flowers,  full  and  perfect,  blooming  most  freely. 
Carmen  Brilliant  is  well  and  expressively  named. 
It  would  facilitate  the  love  of  flowers  to  a  great  degree 
if  their  names  were  ahva^'s  expressive  of  colour  or 
character;  but  the  title  is  often  all  the  quality  the 
article  can  boast  of.  Chardon  Bleu,  or,  in  other 
words.  Blue  Thistle;  such  a  name  for  a  dark  slatey 
shaded  crimson  rose,  is  pre]:Obterous ;  yet  so  it  is. 
Bvjfon,  very  dark  violet  crimson,  laige  and  fne. 
Coronation  is  very  brilliant,  nearly  approaching  scar- 
let; it  has  bold  full  petals,  is  a  profuse  bloomer,  and 
perfectly  formed.  Due  de  Choiseul  is  a  very  distinct 
article,  flowers  freely,  double.  It  is  well  form.ed,  of 
a  pale  rose  colour,  with  a  deep  carmine  centre. 
Elernensie  is  another  very  distinct  variety,  with  large 
expanded  flowers  of  a  rosy  crimson  colour,  growing 
and  blooming  freely.  Eliza  is  a  large  blush,  finely 
cupped,  and  a  late  bloomer.  Eliza  Ltker  is  a  beau- 
tiful pale  rose,  frequently  a  little  marbled,  but  so 
very  indistinctly  that  it  must  have  been  fancy  in  him 
who  described  it  as  such.  Eclat  des  Roses  ;  there  are 
several  roses  cultivated  under  this  loud  name ;  the  one 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  51 

beforj  us  is  a  large  bright  rose,  edged  with  blush, 
with  bold  and  perfect  petals,  and  always  very  double. 
Fanny  Bias,  or  Fanny  Parissot,  is  a  great  favourite 
and  has  few  compeers.  Ever}'  one  admires  it;  the 
colour  is  also  scarce  in  the  family,  being  pale  blush 
shading  to  bright  pink  towards  the  centre.  It  is 
extremely  double,  and  is  greatly  to  be  admired  for  its 
symmetry;  it  is  a  free  bloomer.  Gloire  des  Jardins 
is  a  large  bright  red,  fully  imbricated,  and  always 
perfectly  double.  Hortense  Beauharnais,  though  de- 
scribed as  Rose  vif  Ponctuee,  is  not  worthy  of  that 
distinction ;  these  faint  spots  seen  in  it  after  close 
inspection,  are  too  faint  to  be  deserving  of  notice. 
Hercules^  if  it  had  not  another  quality  besides  its 
delicious  fragrance,  should  be  in  every  garden.  Its 
tlowers  are  large,  and  bright  red,  expanding  freely 
and  fully  double.  Isabel  and  Prolifere  are  the  same; 
very  double  pink,  in  clusters  and  in  great  profusion ; 
one  mass  of  pretty  pink  (lowers.  Juliana  is  also  a 
pretty  perfectly  double  pinkish  red,  one  of  those 
colours  that  the  eye  delights  to  rest  upon.  King  of 
Rome,  Ponceau  Parfait,  and  Theodore  de  Crose ;  this 
very  fine  and  perfect  rose,  like  many  others  of  first 
quality,  has  a  plurality  of  names,  and  if  it  should 
have  as  many  more,  they  will  not  darken  its  bright 
red  colour,  nor  disarrange  its  very  perfect  form.  La 
Favorite  is  a  bright  cherry  red,  of  good  habit.     La 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 


Js^egj'esse,  not  so  black  as  its  name  implies,  only  a 
very  superb  double  crimson,  very  large,  expanded, 
and  fully  double.  Madame  Coiti?i,  or  Sophie  Cat  in, 
is  a  ver}'  large  bright  rose,  and  a  free  bloomer.  JMaid 
of  Brussels,  very  large  beautiful  pink,  fine  form. 
3Iaid  of  Orleans,  pale  rose,  shaded  with  blush,  ver}' 
superb.  Mohilida  is  a  beautiful  double  pink,  with  a 
blush  edge,  very  pretty  and  profuse.  Matilda  is 
another  very  handsome  pink,  and  greatly  admired  ; 
its  closely  imbricated  petals  and  profusion  are  great 
attractions.  J^onpareil  is  another  imbricated  pink, 
but  several  shades  darker  than  the  former.  JVarbonne 
is  quite  a  new  rose,  of  a  beautiful  cherry  purple,  per- 
fecth'  imbricated,  a  profuse  bloomer,  and  of  good 
habit.  Ornement  de  Parade,  an  abundant  blooming 
large  pink,  of  rapid  growth,  and  strong  habit.  Polive- 
tis  is  a  very  bright  crimson,  of  the  crov/n  form  always 
admired.  Philippe  Quaire  is  a  new  pink  rose,  with 
very  large  flowers,  having  bold  round  petals ;  though 
not  so  full  as  others,  yet  it  is  very  desirable  in  a  col- 
lection. Pourpre  de  Vienne  blooms  ver}^  early,  of  a 
distinct  purplish  blush  colour,  with  perfectly  double 
cupped  flowers  in  great  profusion.  Queen  of  Violets 
is  an  old  rose,  but  as  scarce  as  if  it  had  originated 
only  last  season.  The  form  is  of  the  most  perfectly 
imbricated  character,  and  the  colour  of  a  violet  purple 
rarel}'  met  with.     Ranunculus  takes  its  name  from 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  53 

being  like  that  flower;  it  is  a  great  and  persistent 
bloomer,  of  very  double  form,  showing  a  profusion  of 
mottled  rosy  purple  flowers  all  over  the  plant.  Royal 
Bouquet  is  of  a  crown  form  admired  by  all;  the  colour 
is  a  bright  soft  pink,  and  for  profusion  it  is  equal  to 
the  preceding,  and  of  the  same  habits.  Saint  Francois 
is  a  bright  rosy  pink  of  very  neat  form.  Susannah  is 
a  clear  red,  contrasting  beautifully  w^ith  the  former. 
Souvenir  de  J^avarino  is  a  delicate  expanded  pink, 
finely  double,  and  a  certain  bloomer.  Tuscany^  or 
Black  Tusciny,  is  not  black,  but  of  a  very  dark  rich 
crimson;  in  richness  of  colour  it  has  very  few  equals, 
and  to  behold  it  in  its  beauty  it  must  be  seen  before 
the  sun  affects  it.  Its  deficiency  is  want  of  petals, 
but  it  forms  an  excellent  parent  from  which  to  pro- 
cure seed ;  for  being  profuse  in  pollen,  you  can  always 
readily  obtain  it  to  impart  to  other  sorts  richness  of 
colour. 

The  varieties  of  Rosa  Gallica  are  very  numerous, 
and  every  year  adds  to  the  quantity;  they  all  do  best 
grown  on  their  own  roots;  their  growth  is  such  as 
will  require  to  be  kept  under  with  the  knife,  and 
they  bear  pruning  much  better  than  the  Provins  or 
Moss  Rose.  The  best  period  for  the  operation  is 
from  November  to  early  in  the  spring;  thin  out  the 
wood  where  it  is  thick,  and  cut  back  the  young  shoots 
to  three  or  four  eyes  of  the  wood  of  the  preceding 


54  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

*■  -  =■ 

year's  growth.  When  the  pruning  of  a  plant  is 
finished,  there  should  not  be  one  shoot  crossing  an- 
other, and  every  shoot  or  branch  should  stand  free 
and  straight.  The  plants  require  manure  or  rich 
compost  dug  in  among  their  roots  once  a  year,  unless 
the  ground  is  of  a  very  rich  nature;  in  that  case  once 
in  two  years  will  be  sufficient.  If  some  of  the  plants 
are  pruned  in  November,  and  others  in  March,  or 
after  the  foliage  begins  to  appear,  it  w^ill  make  about 
eight  or  ten  days'  difference  in  their  time  of  bloom- 
ing. This  practice  is  often  resorted  to  in  Europe, 
which  greatly  retards  their  bloom  in  cool  or  moist 
climates;  but  with  us  the  results  are  not  so  decisive, 
though  quite  perceptible.  Many  of  the  sorts  sucker 
freely;  in  such  cases  the  superfluous  ones  should  be 
removed  in  the  spring,  and  planted  where  wanted,  or 
destroved. 


VARIETIES  OF  KOSA  GALLICA. 

STRIPED,  SrOTTEDj  AND  MAKBLED. 

ToKosa  Gallica  we  are  indebted  for  nearly  all 
these  curiously  spotted,  mottled,  and  striped  roses  re- 
cently brought  into  cultivation.  The  very  old  dwarf, 
Rosa  Mundi,  is  a  pure  Gallica,  and  is  frequently  con- 
founded   with   the    true   York    and    Lancaster   Eose, 


K0SE3    THAT    BLOO^I    IN    JUXE.  00 

whi'h  is  a  pure  damask,  and  a  strong  grower;  the 
former  is  a  type  of  what  we  are  about  to  describe, 
and  although  many  have  been  imported  b}^  us  under 
this  class,  I  must  acknowledge  that  there  are  few  dis- 
tinct enough  with  other  perfect  characters  to  merit 
the  attention  of  the  rose  growing  amateur.  All  par- 
ti-colouring in  the  rose  is  greatly  defaced  by  exposure 
to  the  full  rays  of  the  sun  in  a  day  of  June ;  it  is 
necessary,  therefore,  to  see  them  as  soon  as  open,  or 
on  a  cloudy  day,  when  they  are  in  all  their  variegated 
perfection.  Andre  Thouin  is  purplish  crimson,  mar- 
bled, spotted  with  rose.  Arethusa  is  bright  rose,  dis- 
tinctl}^  spotted  with  blush.  Berleze,  or  UAbbe  Ber- 
leze^  is  a  very  double  violet  crimson,  beautifully, 
though  not  very  distinctly,  mottled  with  rose.  Bico- 
lor  is  nearly  scarlet,  having  a  pure  white  stripe  in  each 
petal,  and  when  half  open  is  really  very  pretty ;  it  is 
not  fully  double :  it  bears  an  abundance  of  seed,  and 
will  produce,  no  doubt,  many  fine  varieties.  Boquet 
<Ie  Lisle,  large  violet  purple,  spotted  with  lilac.  Ca- 
maleu  is  a  pretty  rosy  lilac,  distinctly  striped  with 
blush  white,  perfectly  double,  always  opening  well. 
Cosimo  Randolphi,  violet,  spotted  with  lilac,  cup-form, 
large  and  double.  Fontenellc  is  quite  ne\»-',  and  a 
beautiful  bright  rose  mottled  with  blush,  perfectly 
double.  Hersille  is  a  beautiful  pink,  spotted  with 
white,  imbricated,  and  very  double.     Momrne,  with 


58  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

very  double  bright  rosy  violet  flowers,  mottled  with 
light  purple.  Afaleskerbes  or  Mdsherba^  is  more  of  a 
Chinese  h^-brid  than  a  Gallica,  and  is  the  more  desi- 
rable, as  its  grovv'th  is  thereb}^  improved;  the  flow^ers 
are  very  double,  rosy  purple,  faintly  spotted  with  white. 
Marceau^  delicate  rose,  spotted  with  lilac,  very  double, 
compact  and  fragrant.  Minos  is  a  very  double  bright 
rose,  suffused  with  numerous  small  white  spots,  very 
distinct  and  perfectly  double.  Prince  de  Chimay 
is  of  a  rosy  purple,  very  doublo,  with  large  spots 
of  rosy  white.  PanacJ.ti  Pleine,  as  its  name  repre- 
sents, is  fully  double,  striped  rose  and  white  very  dis- 
tinctly, and  the  full  length  of  the  petals.  Donna  Sol 
is  a  new  variety,  with  large,  very  double,  rosy  pink 
flowers,  and  spotted  with  dark  rose  of  strong  grov/th  ; 
it  will  be  very  liable  to  run  into  one  colour  in  rich 
heavy  soils.  Jean?ie  Hachette  is  another  novelty  in  this 
family;  the  flowers  are  almost  as  large  as  our  old  Perpet- 
ual Jeanne  Hachette,  but  darker  in  colour,  being  a  red 
suffused  with  blush  spots.  (Eillei  juirfait  is  beautifully 
striped  like  a  Bizarre  Carnation,  with  rose,  red  and 
white ;  is  of  a  line  globular  form,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
of  the  group.  Quillet  jiamand  is  its  counterpart,  re- 
quiring a  very  critical  eye  to  distinguish  them  apart. 
Perle  des  panachtes,  white  striped  faintly  with  violet 
and  lilac.  Pourpre  Striee  de  Blanc  is  a  light  purple, 
with  numerous  small   stripes  of  white ;  flowers  fully 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUXE.  57 

double.  Renoncule  Ponctvee  is  very  double,  beauti- 
fully spotted  and  marbled  "vvith  rose,  crimson,  and 
white ;  nothing;  in  the  division  like  it.  Tricolor  Su- 
pcrba  is  a  double  crimson,  with  larga  petals,  shaded 
and  marked  with  rose  and  white.  Panache i  Dou-jle^ 
Village  Maid.,  or  Bell  Riibine^  v/as  the  first  of  the  fine 
double  striped  roses,  and  has  been  cultivated  and  sold 
under  these  three  names ;  the  flow^ers  are  perfectly 
double,  and  very  like  a  fine  Bizarre  Carnation,  having 
stripes  of  deep  rose,  pink,  and  white,  regularly  over 
the  petals,  from  the  base  to  the  apex.* 

There  are  few  indeed  of  the  striped  and  spotted 
roses  deserving  the  great  eulogiums  and  extravagant 
descriptions  given  them  by  growers  and  writers.  The 
new  sorts  have  added  little  to  redeem  the  old, 
They  require  to  be  seen  in  bloom  before  they  are 
served  up  to  the  better  tastes  of  our  American  rose 
fanciers. 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  this  class  of 
roses  are  rapidly  multiplying,  and  with  perseverance 
and  attention  we  may  raise  as  fine  kinds  in  this  coun- 
try as  they  do  in  France  ;  for  they  appear  to  seed  in 
great  abundance.  The  variegated  kinds  do  not  make 
such  strong  wood,  generally  speaking,  as  those  of  uni- 

*  This  rose,  like  all  of  the  striped  and  spotted  sorts,  reverts 
back  to  self-colours.  1  have  whole  plants  of  it  of  a  rosy  lilac 
colour. 


58  HOSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

form  colours,  and  we  find  that  in  strong  and  ricli  soils 
much  of  the  diversity  is  lost.  It  is  therefore  advisable 
to  keep  them  in  moderate  soils  inclining  to  a  sandy 
nature,  and  their  characters  will  be  brightened  and 
rendered  more  permanent,  refreshing  the  soil  every 
alternate  year  with  manure  or  rich  compost.  The 
following  sorts  seed  freely,  and  can  be  impregnated 
wi'h  any  other  sort  that  fancy  may  dictate,  selecting 
those  that  have  regularly  formed  flowers  without  be- 
ing crowded  with  petals,  Andie  Thouin,  Arethusa, 
Bicolor,  YiJlnge  Maid,  and  Tricolor  Superba.  Seeds 
from  these  v.ill  produce  every  imaginable  variety, 
from  blush  to  crimson. 


ROSA    ALBA. 

WHITE    GARDEN    ROSE. 

The  white  rose  of  the  gardens  has  been  cultivated 
from  time  immemorial.  Although  the  original  single 
white  or  blush  has  seldom  been  seen  in  cultivation, 
yet  the  double  is  very  frequent,  keeping  ward  at  the 
door  of  the  cottage,  or  towering  by  the  window  case- 
ments of  our  oldest  homesteads.  It  is  often  called 
the  white  climbing  rose,  it  must  have  been  intro- 
duced by  our  pilgrim  fathers — a  fit  emblem  of  their 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUXE.  59 

purity,  and  a  smiling  memorial  of  the  land  of  their 
nativity.  It  is  rather  remarkable  that  am.ong  the 
man}'-  new  varieties  of  the  rose,  there  are  so  few 
whites.  Those  I  will  introduce  under  this  head,  be- 
long perhaps  m.ore  properly  to  the  Damiask  or  Gallica 
species;  yet  I  am  convinced  they  will  be  miore  in 
place  at  the  head  of  this  article  than  in  any  other  di- 
vision. G'obe  Hip^  White  Globe^  or  Bonk  de  JVeige 
of  the  French,  is  an  English  rose,  raised  from  seeds 
of  the  common  white,  a  very  pure  white,  fully  double 
and  of  a  globular  form.  A  few  years  ago  it  was  con- 
sidered "not  to  be  surpassed;"  but  th-at  prediction, 
like  many  others,  has  fallen  to  the  ground,  and  now 
JIadam  Hardy  is  triumphant,  b^ing  larger,  fully  as 
pure,  more  double,  and  an  abundant  bloomer;  the  fo- 
liage and  wood  are  also  strong^er.  The  French  des- 
cribe  it  "  grande  pleine,  blanche,  creus^ee;"  or,  in 
other  words,  large  very  double  pure  white,  and  of  a 
cup  or  bowl  form.  La  Belle  .Augusta  is  a  blush, 
changing  to  nearl}^  white,  fully  double,  a  strong  grow- 
er, and  flowers  profusely.  Princesse  Clementine, 
pure  white,  perfectly  double,  and  has  in  its  composi- 
tion a  portion  of  the  Provins  Rose.  Reiiie  des  Beiges 
is  a  pure  and  perfectly  double  variety,  well  deserving 
its  name.  There  are  several  other  whites  inferior  to 
these,  and  not  worth  cultivating  when  better  can  be 
obtained.     In  pruning  they  require  to  be  treated  in 


60  LOSES    THAT    BL003I    IN    JUNE. 


the  same  method  as  Gallica  Roses.  But  buckled 
plants,  about  two  or  three  feet  high,  are  great  beau- 
ties; their  beautiful  soft  white  flowers  are  brought 
nearer  the  eye,  contrasting  agreeably  on  the  fojiage 
of  the  plant.  They  are  all  free  growers,  and  require 
the  knife  to  keep  them  thin,  and  in  proper  bounds. 
They  may,  in  all  other  respects,  be  treated  as  hardy 
roses. 


ROSA    DAMASCENA. 

DAMASK  ROSE,  OR  ROSE  OF  DAMASCUS. 

Tbe  Damask  Rose  is  frequently  confounded  with 
the  Provins  and  Gallicas ;  but  this  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered at  when  the  mixture  of  the  various  species  by 
impregnation  is  indiscriminately  practised  every  year, 
often  producing  plants  and  flowers,  about  whose  fam- 
ily scarcely  tw'o  judges  could  agree.  I  will,  however, 
point  out  a  few  that  still  possess  all  the  marks  and 
characters  of  the  pure  species.  They  all  have  that 
delicious  odour  so  peculiar  to  the  "old-fashioned  Da- 
mask Rose,"  and  produce  also  their  flow^ers  in  clus- 
ters ;  they  have  a  long  succession  of  bloom,  and  by 
extra  culture  two  or  three  of  them  have  a  tendencv 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  61 

to  bloom  in  the  fall,  and  are  called  by  the  French 
"Rose  des  Quatre  Saisons."  They  are  all  distin- 
guished by  long  spreading  branches  thickly  set  with 
prickles  j  the  foliage  is  strong,  of  a  pale  green,  and 
deeply  nerved.  Belladonna  is  a  delicate  pink,  and  a 
profuse  bloomer.  Grand  Triomphe  is  also  a  light 
pink,  very  double,  and  crowded  with  bloom.  Impe- 
rial^ a  large  blush  flower,  rather  loose,  but  a  very  dis- 
tinct sort.  La  Folie  de  Course^  bright  rose,  large  and 
perfectly  double.  Leda  is  perhaps  not  a  true  Damask, 
but  a  very  distinct  and  pretty  variety,  with  white 
flowers  edged  with  pink,  "  blanche  bordee."  La  Ville 
de  Bruxelles  is  very  double,  of  a  bright  rose  colour, 
with  strong  foliage.  Mathilde  de  Mondeville  is  one 
of  the  sweetest  of  roses,  of  a  delicate  rosy  lilac  fa- 
ding to  blush,  and  blooms  profusely.  Painted  Da- 
mask^ in  some  soils,  may  have  that  quality  indicated  by 
its  name,  but  in  my  loamy  soil  it  is  always  rose  col- 
oured, and  not  so  well  painted  as  the  old  York  and 
Lancaster^  which  is  often  striped,  and  frequently  one- 
half  pink  and  the  other  half  white,  thus  according 
with  the  tradition,  that,  on  the  extinction  of  the  feud 
between  the  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster,  this  rose 
sprung  up,  with  the  one  side  pink  and  the  other  white. 
Monthly  Damask  is  a  bright  pink,  blooming  in  clus- 
ters and  repeatedly  during  the  season  if  in  rich  ground. 
It  is  a  general  favourite.  White  Monthly  Damask  is 
6 


62  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

not  such  a  free  bloomer  as  the  former;  these  bear 
seed  freely,  and  have  been  the  parents  of  many  of 
the  roses  known  as  Perpetuals.  In  pruning  give  them 
the  same  treatment  as  directed  for  the  Provins  and 
Gallica  roses. 


HYBRID    CHI>:ESE    ROSES. 

Until  within  a  few  years  this  division  of  the  rose 
was  entirely  unknown.  It  has  originated  from  seeds 
of  the  Bengal,  Tea,  and  Bourbon  roses,  impregnated 
with  pollen  from  the  Provins,  Damask,  Centifoiia, 
and  other  sorts  that  bloom  only  once  in  the  season. 
The  progeny  is  greatly  improved  in  growth,  foliage, 
colour,  and  form  of  flowers,  but  deficient  in  the  ever- 
blooming  tendency  of  one  of  the  parents.  This  defi- 
ciency, however,  is  amply  made  up  by  the  great  beauty 
of  the  flower,  its  habit,  and  diversity  of  brilliant 
colours.  They  present  a  combination  of  the  grand 
and  beautiful,  which  must  be  seen  to  be  fully  realized. 
For  pillars  and  trellising  they  are  not  surpassed  ;  the 
wood  of  many  of  them  is  very  luxuriant,  growing  six 
to  ten  feet  in  a  season  ;  the  foliage,  too,  is  always 
agreeable,  being  generally  of  a  rich  glossy  green. 
Others  are  dwarf,  and  very  compact  in  their  habits ; 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IX    JUXE.  63 


in  fact  they  offer  every  shade  of  colour  (none  yellow, 
1  believe)  from  white  to  almost  black ;  every  variety 
of  growth  from  one  foot  upward.  Some  of  them  seed 
abundantly,  and  there  is  no  end  to  the  variety  that 
may  be  produced.  The  greatest  difficulty  will  be  in 
choosing  the  best.  If  the  French  growers  Avould  only 
extirpate  from  their  seed-beds  every  plant  that  did 
not  produce  flowers  of  perfect  distinction  and  sym- 
metry, our  perplexity  v/ould  be  greatly  diminished  ; 
but  instead  of  retaining  only  such,  they  introduce  to 
our  notice  some  distinguished  title  with  a  rose  not 
worth  a  name.  The  group  is  also  being  demolished, 
and  ranking  under  ^'■Hybride  de  Sengale,  Hyhride  de 
JS'oi'sctte,  Hyhride  d^Ile  de  Bourbon^''''  departing  from 
tlie  foundation  of  all  these,  which  is  Rosa  Indica,  or 
the  Chinese  Rose..  To  give  a  full  description  of  the 
sorts  ranking  in  the  above  characters  would  occupy 
m.ore  of  these  pages  than  is  allotted  for  this  group, 
and  we  will  content  ourselves  with  naming  the  best. 
^^  Fleurs  Blanches,  Blanchejieur,  or  White  Climbing 
Globe  Unique,  pure  white,  as  its  name  indicates,  is  a 
very  free  grower,  flowers  perfectly  double  and  abun- 
dant. Beauty  Bouquet,  very  similar  to  the  former, 
but  not  of  such  rapid  growth ;  the  flovrer  is  also  purer 
and  more  compact.  Becquet  is  a  fine  variety,  with 
bright  rosy-purple  flowers,  perfectly  double  and  cup 
formed.     Belle  Parabere  is  one  of  the  most  magnifi- 


64?  KOSES    THAT    BL003I    IX    JUNE. 

cent  roses  for  a  pillar,  making  long  flexible  shoots, 
very  luxuriant  rich  green  foliage;  the  flowers  are  very 
large,  finely  formed,  of  a  violet  shaded  crimson,  and 
fragrant.  Belle  Theresa  produces  its  rich  dark  crim- 
son shaded  flowers  in  clusters  finely  scented.  Bon 
Ginneure^  very  bright  red,  edged  with  violet,  perfectly 
imbricated,  an  early  and  profuse  bloomer,  beautiful. 
Belle  Marie,  superb,  large  bright  pink,  very  double, 
cupped,  and  sweet  scented.  Brennus,  or  St.  Brennus, 
is  superb;  the  flowers  are  extra  large,  of  a  glowing 
red,  perfectly  double;  it  makes  fine  shoots,  and  is  an 
excellent  pillar  plant;  it  is  the  celebrated  Queen  Vic- 
toria Rose  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  Blairii  is  very  large 
with  a  rose-coloured  edge;  the  petals  are  very  stiff 
and  bold ;  the  buds  and  flowers  are  both  magnificent ; 
it  is  an  English  rose,  and  said  to  be  a  seedling  from 
the  common  Tea  Rose.  Catel  is  curiously  shaded  with 
red,  crimson,  and  purple;  it  is  perfectly  double,  of 
dwarf  habit,  and  makes  a  beautiful  bush.  Celicel  is 
a  rosy  blush,  a  very  abundant  bloomer;,  the  flowers 
are  large  and  in  clusters;  it  seeds  freelj^;  and  promises 
to  be  one  of  the  best  for  hybridizing  with  other  sorts. 
Chatelaine  and  Lanzezure  appear  to  be  one;  shaded 
lilac,  crimson,  purple,  and  often  very  bright  red, 
varying  very  much  according  to  soil  and  situation; 
the  flowers  are  very  double,  large,  and  cupped ;  a 
strong  grower,  and  makes  a  fine  pillar  rose.     Ce^onie 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  65 

is  a  large  rosy  pink,  changing  to  blush,  perfectly 
double,  and  makes  a  splendid  dwarf  rose.  Cerisette 
is  a  very  pretty  profuse  flowering  bright  red,  almost 
approaching  a  scarlet;  flowers  rather  small,  but  very 
double  and  profuse.  Coupe  d^Hebe,  "Hebe's  Cup," 
is  a  delicate  pink,  when  fully  expanded,  of  perfect 
form,  large,  a  fine  grower  and  profuse  bloomer,  with 
large  glossy  green  foliage,  and  makes  a  fine  pillar 
plant.  Coup  d' Amour  is  very  pretty  and  very  perfect, 
a  bright  rose  colour,  and  a  dwarf  grower.  Due  de 
Cases  is  a  large  rosy  lilac  changing  to  purple,  very 
double,  of  a  strong  habit.  D^ Andigne,  whether  on 
its  own  roots  or  grafted,  is  a  very  distinct  and  curiously 
marked  variety;  the  colours  are  a  violet  shaded  purple, 
approaching  the  blue  more  than  any  other  rose  I  have 
seen;  the  flowers  are  of  the  most  perfect  form,  and 
very  double ;  it  forms  a  handsome  plant,  either  as  a 
dwarf  or  standard.  Dehce  de  Flandres  is  a  large 
delicate  pink,  very  distinct,  and  perfectly  double,  of 
strong  habit,  and  very  fragrant.  Egtiie  is  a  brilliant 
cherry  red,  perfectly  double,  of  rather  slender  growth 
and  very  distinct.  EmmeliJie  is  of  a  delicate  flesh 
colour  fading  to  lilac,  and  quite  double.  Fzdge?is,  or 
MaIto?i,  of  the  French,  is  a  very  bright  red,  or  car- 
mine, almost  approaching  scarlet;  flowers  quite  dou- 
ble,-and  cupped;  the  shoots  must  not  be  pruned  very 
close,  for  in  that  case  it  will  not  show^  a  bloom. 
6* 


6Q  EOSES    THAT    BLOOx^I    IN    JUNE. 

Fabvier,  or  Col.  Fabvier,  is  a  splendid  pink  changing 
to  red ;   flowers  imbricated,  large,  and  very  double  ; 
the  plant  forms  a  splendid  pillar,  and  is  one  of  the 
strongest  growing  hybrids.     Fleurette  is  a  pretty  pale 
coloured  rose,  very  perfect,  but  perhaps  too  small  for 
the   general  taste   of   growers.     Gen^l  Lamarque,  or 
Lamarque  of  Luxembourg,  is  a  bronzed  mottled  crim- 
son of  curious  shades,  a  large  flower,  always  very  dis- 
tinct, perfectly  double,  and  a  strong  grower.      George 
the  Fourth,  or  Rivers^  George  the  Fourth,  is  an  old  but 
splendid  variety,  of  the  richest  crimson  colour,  always 
perfect,  and   fully  double,   of  cupped   form,   a  free 
grower  in  rich  soils,  and  makes  a  splendid  pillar  rose. 
Mr.   Rivers,  of  England,   a   celebrated  rose   grower, 
raised  this  variety  from  seed,  thirty  years  ago;  accord- 
ing to  his  own  history  of  the  plant,  it  came  up  in  a 
bed  of  seedlings,  unexpected,  and  without  any  act  on 
his  part    to   produce   it.     This    shows   that   superior 
varieties  may  be  grovrn  from  seeds  saved  indiscrimi- 
nately from  choice  sorts,  without  the  aid  of  hybrid- 
izing, which  I  will  prove  still  more  clearly.     How- 
ever, through  the  manual  hybridizing  process  great 
improvements  have   been,   and  are  constantly  being 
made.     Georgia   is   an   old   distinct  variety,  being  a 
briglit  rose,  with  white  edge,  large  and  fine,  but  rather 
tender  for  a  northern  latitude.     Grillony,  is  a  large 
and  superb  rose,  of  a  slaty  colour  and  strong  growth. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOO.^I    IN    JUNE.  67 

Hclvetius^  is  of  a  rosy-violet  colour,  very  larga,  and 
double  to  the  centre.  La  J\^ayade  is  a  perfectly 
formed  rose,  of  a  delicate  rose  colour,  and  a  fine 
bloomer.  U Ingenue  is  a  shaded  dark  crimson,  very 
double,  cupped,  fragrant,  and  is  a  free  grower.  La 
Tourtelle^  Parni^  or  the  Dove  Rose,  is  of  a  dark 
lilac  colour,  perfect  cupped  form,  a  large  and  early 
flower,  grows  freely,  and  makes  a  fine  pillar  plant; 
we  have  some  of  such  fifteen  feet  high.  Louis  Phil- 
ippe is  a  splendid  large  rose,  of  a  dark  rose  colour, 
perfect  form,  blooms  in  great  profusion,  and  appears 
to  be  well  adapted  for  trellis  work,  or  high  columns, 
and  has  the  fragrance  of  the  Damask  Rose.  Lady 
Stuart  is  a  delicate  pink,  of  perfect  globular  form, 
very  double,  and  apparently  a  free  grower.  Lord 
J\''elson  is  of  a  distinct  dark  brown  velvety  colour, 
very  double  and  perfectly  formed.  Madame  Plantier, 
very  pure  wdiite,  perfectly  double,  in  profuse  clusters, 
an  early  bloomer  and  very  desirable.  Pallagi,  Mai' 
ton,  or  Jse  Plus  Ultra,  is  a  bright  rosy  purple,  and  a 
rapid  grower.  Petit  Pierre  is  a  large  mottled  pur- 
plish crimson,  perfect  in  form,  a  splendid  grower,  and 
in  spite  of  the  diminutive  attached  to  its  name,  it 
produces  large  flowers.  Princess  produces  its  flowers 
in  large  clusters;  they  are  a  rich  pink  edged  with 
blush ;  it  is  a  good  grower,  but  will  not  suit  pillars. 
Prolifere  is  very  appropriately  named,  being  very 


68  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

prolific,  indeed,  one  sheet  of  flowers,  of  a  dark  rose 
colour  changing  to  violet,  finely  and  perfectly  formed, 
and  very  fragrant.  Stadtholder^  or  Stahtholder^  Sinen- 
sis, of  some,  is  a  beautiful  clear  pink,  very  perfect  in 
its  form,  and  is,  perhaps,  more  of  a  Hijhrid  Provins 
than  Chinese  ;  it  makes  a  beautiful  standard  or  dwarf. 
Sandeur  Panache,  or  Kiyig  of  Hybrids,  is  unique  in 
this  class,  having  all  its  flowers  beautifully  and  dls> 
tinctly  spotted  and  striped  ;  they  are  perfectly  double, 
and  finely  cupped  j  the  plant  makes  a  good  pillar,  but 
must  not  have  its  shoots  cut  short,  or  it  will  not  pro- 
duce a  flovrer ;  tie  the  strong  ones  the  full  length,  and 
cut  out  the  weak  or  old  wood.  Sextes  Popinas,  bright 
red,  ver}^  compact,  changing  to  pink ;  a  late  bloomer. 
Sophie  d'^Houdetot,  delicate  rose,  very  perfectly  formed, 
blooming  in  profuse  clusters,  fragrant.  Tuscany,  or 
Tuscany  JS^oisette,  although  the  latter  nam.e  would 
lead  us  to  believe  it  a  Noisette  Rose,  it  is  purely 
a  hybrid,  blooming  only  once,  producing  its  rich  dark 
crimson  flowers  in  large  clusters.  Triomphe  d'' Angers  is 
a  very  large  and  perfectly  double  shaded  purple  crim.- 
son,  an  excellent  grower  and  great  bloomer.  Vandael 
is  a  rosy  purple  changing  to  violet-crimson,  having  all 
these  shades  in  the  same  flower,  which  is  large,  per- 
fect, fragrant,  and  a  free  grower.  Velours,  or  Violet 
Episcopal,  is  of  a  velvety  crimson  colour  fading  io 
purple,  is  perfectly  formed,  a  free  bloomer,  fragrant, 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN   JUXE.  69 

and  makes  a  splendid  pillar  rose.  Victor  Hugo  is  a 
picture  when  in  bloom,  of  a  cherry  red  changing  to  a 
rosy  violet-colour,  handsomely  imbricated,  fragrant 
and  profuse,  a  strong  grower,  with  rich  green  foliage. 
Violet  de  Belgique  is  one  of  those  very  distinct  bluish 
violet-coloured  flowers,  that  is  indispensable  in  any 
collection,  perfect  in  its  form  and  profuse  of  bloom. 
It  will  grow  to  any  height,  and  in  one  season  will 
make  shoots  twelve  feet  long.  Watts^  Celestial  is  of 
a  delicate  rose  colour,  the  petals  all  curving  inwards, 
forming  a  regularly  cupped  flower;  it  is  an  old  variety 
that  has  flourished  under  several  names,  viz: — Watts' 
Cli?nbing  China,  Flora  Perfecta,  Rachel,  and  I  believe 
some  others.  Wellington  is  also  an  old  variety,  but 
retains,  its  fine  globular  character  to  the  very  last;  its 
rich  crimson  colour  and  dwarf  habit  make  it  very 
desirable. 

The  above  have  been  selected  from  the  m.any  now 
cultivated,  and  we  venture  again  to  repeat  that  there 
is  no  plant  to  excel  them  for  ornamenting  lawns, 
grass  plats,  fences,  arbours,  outbuildings,  or  any  other 
situation.  Their  diversity  of  form,  habit,  and  colour, 
may  be  exhibited  in  many  ways.  Variegated  pillars 
or  columns  may  be  formed  by  planting  a  pink,  a  red, 
and  a  crimson  together,  or  a  white  and  red;  the  com- 
binations can  be  formed  to  meet  the  views  of  any 
taste.     When  a  strong  growth  is  required,  the  soil 


70  ROSES    THAT    BL003I    IN    JUNE. 

should  be  dug  out  two  feet  deep,  and  two  to  three 
feet  in  diameter  for  each  plant,  and  the  space  filled 
up  with  very  rich  earth  composed  of  loam,  decayed 
manure,  and  sand  in  nearly  equal  proportions ;  finish 
with  the  new  soil  six  or  eight  inches  above  ground  to 
allow  for  settling.  For  a  variegated  pillar  choose 
plants  of  the  same  grow^th,  and  plant  them  in  a  rec- 
tangular form,  allowing  the  pole  or  pillar  to  occupy 
the  centre.  The  first  season  after  planting  they  should 
be  watered  twice  a  week  in  dry  weather;  if  w^atering 
cannot  be  attended  to,  cover  the  soil  with  three  or  four 
inches  of  manure.  For  pillars  or  trellising,  plants  on 
their  own  roots  are  the  best.  The  pruning  of  these 
requires  to  be  performed  in  a  very  different  manner 
from  that  usual  for  the  generality  of  roses.  Those 
plants  that  make  very  long  shoots  should  have  only 
about  a  foot  or  two  of  the  tops  cut  off,  the  wood  of 
three  or  four  years  old  thinned  out,  and  th*e  short 
shoots  or  twigs  cut  in  to  within  Uyo  eyes  of  the  pre- 
ceding year's  growth.  They  require  to  be  tied  to  a 
strong  post;  if  permanency  is  the  object,  use  red  cedar 
or  locust  for  the  purpose;  in  the  country,  Avhere  wood 
is  plenty,  any  sapling  can  be  taken;  if  three  or  six 
inches  of  the  branches  are  left  on  it,  the  effect  will  be 
improved.  Although  rich  soil  is  stongly  recommended 
for  these  roses,  they  w^ill  nevertheless  do  on  any  soil. 
I  have  seen  them  in  the  very  poorest  earth  make  fine 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUXE.  71 

bushes,  when  they  can  be  primed  as  common  garden 
roses,  only  the  luxuriant  beauty  of  the  foliage  and 
the  large  size  of  the  flowers  will  be  lost.  It  must  be 
admitted  that  plants,  trees,  and  shrubs,  grown  and  pro- 
tected by  nature,  are  in  their  greatest  beauty,  and 
bring  forth  their  flowers,  fruits,  and  seeds  to  perfec- 
tion ;  yet  while  this  is  conceded,  we  say  that  those 
plants  brought  up  and  nurtured  by  art,  under  every 
exciting  cause,  to  produce  the  greatest  amount  of 
wood,  foliage,  flowers,  and  fruits,  also  require  skilful 
assistance  in  depriving  them  of  their  superabundance 
to  keep  them  within  bounds,  and  lead  them  to  the 
space  they  are  intended  to  occupy.  The  period  best 
adapted  for  pruning  is  subject  to  various  opinions ; 
but  extensive  practice  and  sound  judgment  give  the 
preference  to  the  months  of  November  and  December. 
Pruning  in  the  spring  should  be  avoided,  as  the  sap 
is  then  drawn  towards  the  extremities  of  the  shoots, 
and  when  these  are  shortened  the  lower  buds  will  be 
found  more  dormant,  and  will  require  some  time  to 
move,  whereas  by  fall  pruning,  the  sap  in  the  spring 
flows  instantly  to  the  buds  that  are  left  on  the  plant, 
which  are  at  once  strengthened,  and  prepared  to  push 
out  as  early  as  the  season  will  permit.  The  first  season 
after  roses  are  transplanted  they  should  be  watered 
once  or  twice  a  week  in  dry  weather,  or  should  have 
placed  all  round  the  plant,  moss  or  manure,  to  prevent 


72  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN   JUNE. 

evaporation,  or  the  sun  from  parching  the  earth  and 
drying  the  5^oung  rootlets.  It  is  lamentable  to  see 
the  destruction  of  plants  the  first  season,  from  mere 
carelessness  and  want  of  attention  ;  whereas  a  few 
judicious  waterings  would  have  prevented  the  loss. 


PLANTING. 

We  have  advocated  November  and  December  as 
the  best  period  for  pruning;  these  are  also  the  best 
months  for  planting  all  kinds  of  roses  of  the  hardy 
sorts  that  bloom  once  a  year,  or  what  are  termed 
*' Hardy  Garden  Roses,"  unless  the  soil  be  of  a  wet 
and  retentive  nature ;  in  such  case  the  planting  should 
be  deferred  till  spring.  The  ground  must  be  well 
prepared  by  deep  digging,  and  well  incorporated  with 
old  rotten  manure,  decayed  leaves,  or  soil  brought 
from  the  woods.  I  am  aware  that  some  of  my  southern 
and  western  friends  will  smile  at  this  recommendation ; 
for  their  soils  are  from  three  to  twelve  feet  deep,  and 
will  grow  roses,  without  any  artificial  means,  for  the 
next  century;  but  these  suggestions  are  only  offered 
to  those  who  need  them.  Before  the  operation  is 
begun  the  mind  should  be  made  up  on  the  proper 
disposition  of  the  plants ;  avoid  crowding,  avoid  for- 
mality,  avoid   hurry.     Crowding   plants   together    is 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  73 

injurious  in  every  respect.  If  space  is  limited, 
choose  the  fewer  sorts,  or  distribute  the  inferior  sorts 
to  hedge  rows  or  fences,  and  put  only  the  best  that 
can  be  had,  where  they  are  to  form  a  permanent 
attraction.  Formality  of  design  attracts  attention  for 
a  time,  but  the  eye  soon  wearies  of  it.  The  most 
interesting  disposition,  and  one  that  will  offer  the 
greatest  variety,  is  to  plant  the  whites,  blushes,  pinks, 
roses,  reds,  crimsons,  and  purples,  each  into  separate 
clumps,  figures,  or  patches ;  and  to  carry  out  a  grand 
arrangement,  let  each  division  of  the  rose  have  its 
appropriate  locality.  It  is  ten  years  since  we  first 
called  attention  to  this  system  of  rose  growing ;  it 
is  now  being  generally  adopted  in  England.  This 
KosAKY  can  be  formed  on  any  piece  of  ground,  from 
a  quarter  of  an  acre  to  any  required  extent,  either  on 
the  lawn  or  any  other  spot  for  the  purpose.  Let  the 
ground  be  laid  down  in  grass,  or  if  it  is  there  already 
so  much  the  better ;  then  cut  out  on  the  grass  various 
figures  that  may  be  required,  giving  every  plant  from 
tw.o  to  four  feet  of  room.  With  these  few  hints  the 
reader  will  see  that  such  an  arrangement  will  form  a 
scene  of  enchantment  that  language  cannot  portray. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  remove  the  old  soil ;  very  decayed 
manure  (with  an  addition  of  road  or  river  sand  to 
heavy  soils)  well  incorporated  with  it,  twelve  to 
eighteen  inches  deep,  is  all  that  is  required. 


74-  HOSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE. 


GROWING    ROSES    FR03I    SEED. 

To  the  amateur  this  opens  a  field  of  very  interest- 
ing amusement.  It  is  an  object  which  may  profitably 
occupy  every  leisure  moment.  The  time  spent  upon 
impregnating,  saving  the  seed,  sowing,  and  watching 
every  movement  of  the  plant,  till  it  develops  its  beau- 
ties of  inflorescence,  w^ill  be  amply  compensated  should 
the  rose  prove  of  new  character.  If  not  worthy,  it  is 
at  least  a  good  stock  to  be  used  in  budding  or  grafting 
upon,  and  even  then  causes  no  loss.  In  the  centre  of 
many  roses  there  are  a  number  of  thready  filaments 
surmounted  by  what  botanists  term  anthers j  these  are 
small  oval  forms  which,  when  ripe,  contain  a  quantity 
of  pollen  or  yellow  dust,  which  can  easily  be  perceived 
between  the  finger  and  the  thumb  after  giving  them  a 
gentle  pressure.  This  pollen,  though  to  the  naked 
eye  a  fine  powder,  and  light  enough  to  be  wafted 
along  by  the  air,  is  very  curiously  formed,*  and  varies 
exceedingly  in  different  plants.  Under  the  micro- 
scope each  grain  of  it  in  the  rose  is  a  membranous 
round  bag,  which  remains  entire,  and  can  be  kept  dry 
and  perfect  for  days  and  weeks.  On  its  application 
to  the  moist  tip  of  the  pistil  (which  in  the  rose  is  a 
stiif  protuberance  in  the  very  centre  of  the  flower). 


SOSES    THAT    BLOOx^I    IN    JUNE.  75 

it  bursts  with  great  force.  When  flowers  are  designed 
to  be  operated  upon,  the  one  intended  to  produce  the 
seed  should  be  deprived  of  its  anthers  early  in  the 
morning,  which  can  readily  be  done  with  a  pair  of 
fine  scissors  j  then  during  the  day,  or  within  two  days, 
take  a  fine  camel  hair  pencil,  and  obtain,  about  noon, 
the  pollen  or  dust  from  the  plant  or  plants  with  which 
you  intend  to  make  the  cross,  and  apply  this  dust  to 
the  pistil  o£  th«  roses  from  which  you  have  previously 
extracted  the  anthers.  It  will  require  some  practice 
before  proficiency  can  be  attained  in  the  operation, 
but  a  little  attention  will  insure  some  success.  The 
organs  are  fit  for  the  operation  when  the  pistil  has  a 
glutinous  appearance  on  its  summit,  and  the  pollen  is 
dry  and  powdery.  The  flowers  may  be  one  or  two 
days  old;  rain  is  fatal  to  the  operation — dry  weather, 
therefore,  must  be  chosen.  Patience  and  assiduity 
can  accomplish  wonders  in  this  department  of  rose 
culture ;  the  persevering  efforts  of  the  French  culti- 
vators have  been  so  very  successful  within  the  last 
ten  years,  that  we  do  not  at  all  despair  of  seeing  a 
yellow  Moss,  a  yellow  Provins  Kose,  or  even  striped 
roses,  combining  every  shade  from  white  to  black, 
and  there  is  no  reason  why  there  should  not  be  pro- 
duced a  perpetual  blooming  climbing  Moss  Eose  of 
any  colour  at  present  known  in  the  family  of  the  rose. 
A  few  years  ago  we  did  not  anticipate  such  a  rose  as 


76  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

the  yellow  Persian,  and  we  have  no  doubt  of  there  yet 
being  Perpetual  blooming  Yellow  Roses  of  as  bright 
a  colour. 

The  seeds  will  be  ripe  about  the  first  of  November, 
and  can  be  retained  in  the  capsule  or  fruit  till  the 
time  of  sowing,  taking  the  precaution  to  bury  them  in 
sand,  where  they  will  be  safe  from  the  depredations 
of  mice,  who  are  very  fond  of  them.  Early  in  the 
spring,  choose  a  sheltered  spot  in  the  garden,  free 
from  the  shade  or  drip  of  trees ;  enrich  and  break  up 
the  soil  very  fine,  make  the  surface  quite  smooth,  take 
the  hips  from  their  winter  quarters,  break  up  the  fruit, 
and  sow  the  seeds  thinly  and  evenly  on  the  soil  j  take 
the  back  of  the  spade,  or  a  board,  and  press  the  seed 
level  with  the  ground,  then  cover  them  with  about 
one-fourth  to  one-half  of  an  inch  with  sandj  if  sand 
cannot  be  obtained  take  the  leaf  mould,  or  soil  from 
the  woods,  finely  sifted,  for  the  purpose;  in  dry 
weather  give  occasional  waterings.  Many  of  the 
seeds  will  come  up  the  first  year,  and  the  balance 
will  make  their  appearance  in  the  second;  the  third 
year  they  can  be  transplanted  to  beds  or  rows  to 
remain  till  they  bloom,  which  will  generally  be  the 
fourth  or  fifth  year.  It  is  truly  astonishing  to  see  the 
variety  produced.  Red  and  white,  rose  and  pink  may 
all  be  seen  springing  from  seeds  of  the  same  plant, 
and  from  single  to  the  most  double.     None  but  such 


ROSES  THAT  BLOOM  IN  JUNE.  77 


as  are  of  the  finest  form,  very  prolific,  and  possessing 
a  good  habit,  should  be  reserved  for  culture.  Our 
climate  is  so  favourable  to  the  maturing  of  seed  that 
there  is  no  reason  why  we  should  not  only  equal,  but 
surpass,  any  European  country  in  the  cultivation  of 
this  "Queen  of  Flowers." 

The  blooming  of  seedlings  can  be  readily  hastened 
where  time  and  convenience  will  admit.     As  soon  as 
the  young  plants  have  made  three  or  four  leaves,  lift 
them  very  carefully  from  the  seed-bed  with  a  trans- 
planting trowel,  and  put  them  in  pots  of  rich  light 
earth  j  then  place  them  in  the  shade  and  give  a  gentle 
watering  and  sprinkling  over  the  leaves  for  a  few 
weeks,  when  they  may  be  planted  into  the  ground  to 
remain.     1  have  in  this  w^ay  grown  plants  eighteen 
inches   high    the    first   season.      They  will,  by  this 
method,  generally  bloom  the  third  year.     The  seeds 
are  covered  with  a  thick  tough  shell,  which,  if  allowed 
to  get  perfectly  dry,  and  kept  in  that  state  for  a  con- 
siderable period,  will  take  two  years  to  germinate,  and 
perhaps  not  grow  at  all.    Regular  moisture  appears  to 
be  indispensable  for  keeping  the  shell  soft  and  exciting 
the  embryo  plant  into  growth.     The  seeds  are  on  this 
account  providentially  furnished  with  a  fleshy  pericarp 
y  (hip)  to  prevent  their  becoming  too  dry  for  germina- 
tion, while  nearly  all  other  seeds  do  not  germinate 
well  unless  dried  before  sowing. 


E0SE3    THAT    BLOOM    IS    JUNE. 


PROPAGATION  OF  GARDEN  OR  JQNE  ROSES. 

There  are  three  modes,  within  the  reach  of  all,  for 
the  propagation  of  these  roses,  namely,  by  layering, 
budding,  and  grafting.     Layering,   wherever  it  can 
be  accomplished,  is  preferable,  and  will  produce  the 
most  permanent  plants.     There  are  two  methods  af 
performing   the  operation  ;  the  one  we  prefer  is   as 
follows : — In  the  month  of  July,  or  two  first  weeks 
of  August,  look  over  the  plants  required  to  be  propa- 
gated, and  take   any  of  the  young  shoots  that  have 
made  eighteen  inches  or  two  feet  in   length,   bend 
them  gently  to  the  ground,  and  make  fast  by  a  peg, 
stone,  or  block  j  they  will  in  a  few  days  take  a  set  in 
this  form  5  then  under  the  part  that  has  come  in  con- 
tact with  the  soil  make  a  hole  four  inches  deep,  and 
about  the  same   width ;  have  a  portion  of  prepared 
sandy  rich   loam  (if  your  soil  is  not  naturally  such) 
at  hand  j  bend  the  shoot  in  the  hole,  and  look  for  a 
bud  so  situated   as  to  come  about  three  inches  under 
the  surface  ',  then  take  a  very  sharp  knife  and  com- 
mence by  cutting  off  all  the  leaves  that  will  be  under 
ground;  introduce  the  blade  just  below  the  bud  and 
cut  upwards  so  as  to  cut  about  half-way  through,  and 


K0SE8    THAT    BL003I    IN    JUNE.  79 

make  a  slit  about  two   inches  long,  thereby  forming 
what  gardeners  call  a  "  tongue ;"  this  should  be  done 
at  the  side  or  back  part  of  the  shoot,  and  to  prevent 
the  tongue  from  closing,   introduce  a  portion  of  the 
soil,  or  a    chip  of  any  hard  substance,    which   will 
keep  it  open,  then  lay  it  carefully  in  the  space  pre- 
pared, and  fill  up  with  the  fresh  compost,  leaving  the 
top  of  the   shoot  in  as  upright  a  position  as  possible ; 
to  finish,  make  it  fast  to  a  small  rod  to  prevent  the 
wind  from  blowing  it  about.     The  tongue  sh(5uld  not 
be  in  the  very  spot  that  forms  the  bow,  as  thereby  the 
branch  would  be  too  much  weakened ;  the  lower  eye 
of  the  upright  portion  of  the  shoot  is  the  most  success- 
ful spot.     When  the  whole  is   done,  place  the   stone 
or  block  on  the  surface,  over  the  layer,  which  will 
prevent  the  sun  from  drying  the  earth,   and  greatly 
facilitate-  the  growth  of  the  roots.     In  the  month  of 
November  the  layers  that  are  rooted  may  be  taken  off, 
and  either  potted  as  required,  or  planted  out  where 
they  are  to  remain,  heading  down  the  shoot  to  within 
three  or  four  eyes  of  the   surface.     Those   that  are 
not  rooted  will  have  to  remain  another  yearj  prune 
them  the   same  as  directed  for  the  parent  plant.     If 
the  operation  by  layering  is  not  performed  in  the 
summer  it  can  be  done  in  February,  March,  or  April, 
before  the  plant    has   begun  to  grow,  observing  the 
same  direction  as  given  above.     About  Philadelphia 


so  ROSES    THAT    BLOOIM    IN    JUNE. 

we  have  pots  made  about  four  inches  wide  and  deep, 
with  a  cut  in  the  side  wherein  we  place  the  layer, 
and  either  plunge  the  pot  entirely  under  ground,  set 
it  on  the  surface,  or  elevate  it  as  required ',  if  in  the 
two  latter  positions,  we  water  it  freely  every  evening 
and  cover  it  with  moss  or  some  other  litter,  to  pre- 
vent, as  much  as  possible,  the  sun  from  affecting  it. 
We  also  make  boxes  for  the  same  purpose,  wherein 
to  lav  shoots  from  the  Standard  or  Tree  Roses. 


PROPAGATION    BY    BUDDING. 

Budding,  within  these  few  years  past,  has  greatly 
increased  in  nursery  practice,  and  multiplied  the 
plants  to  a  Avonderful  extent ;  it  is  the  favourite  mode 
with  the  French  growers,  and  on  the  stock  which 
they  use,  plants  will  grow  for  half  a  century.  I  have 
seen  them  in  the  neighborhood  of  Paris,  like  large 
trees,  with  stems  six  inches  in  diameter,  and  heads 
thirty  feet  in  circumference.  To  cultivate  them  in 
such  perfection  they  use  every  kind  of  enriching 
matter,  which  they  freely  apply  every  year.  Almost 
every  rose  can  be  propagated  by  budding  ;  indeed,  I 
may  say,  that  every  variety  can  be  multiplied  in  that 
way,    and  form  handsome    plants,  when   on    strong 


HOSES    THAT    BL003I    IN    JU^'E.  81 


stocks,  in  one  year.  For  some  of  the  kinds  it  is  the 
only  resort,  as  they  are  difficult  to  manage  by  either 
layering  or  grafting.  Some  of  the  Perpetual  Ro- 
ses rarely  form  roots  when  laid,  but  bud  freely^ 
Budding  may  be  easily  described  so  as  to  be  under- 
stood by  the  initiated,  but  as  it  is  to  the  unpractised' 
hand  that  we  pretend  to  give  our  feeble  instructions, 
we  will  endeavour  to  om.it  no  detail,  even  at  the  risk 
of  being  too  minute.  The  operation  may  be  per- 
formed with  any  sharp  thin-bladed  knife,  though  one 
called  a  "budding-knife,"  with  a  thin  ivory  handle, 
is  best  for  the  purpose.  It  should  be  inserted  about 
half  an  inch  above  the  bud,  and  passing  about  one- 
tbkd  of  the  way  through  the  wood  of  tlie  shoot,  come 
oui  again  about  the  same  distance  below  it,  the  cut 
being  as  clean  as  possible.  The  portion  of  the  bark 
in  the  centre  of  which  the  bud  is  situated,  is  called 
the  shield,  and  when  removed  it  contains  a  portion  of 
the  wood,  whivJi  is  to  be  carefully  removed  with  the 
point  of  the  knife,  as  shown  in  figure  1  ;*  if  the  wood 
is  dry,  and  does  not  separate  readily,  it  is  a  sign  the 
bud  is  too  old,  and  it  should  be  rejected.     When  the 

*  The  Bengal,  Tea,  Bourbon,  and  some  other  free  growing 
kinds,  may  be  successfully  budded  without  removing  the  wood ; 
in  such  cases  it  is  better  to  cut  the  bud  a  little  thinner,  and 
not  so  long ;  in  this  way  they  have  been  known  to  make  a 

growth  and  flower  within  six  weeks  after  the  operation. 


82 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 


wood  is  too  old  or  too  young,  the  shield  may  be 
taken  off  only  about  one-quarter  of  the  way  through 
the  shoot,  and  inserted  into  the  stock  without  remov- 
ing the  portion  of  the  wood  it  contains;  this  method, 
particularly  with  very  young  shoots,  is  very  success- 
ful. If  it  is  necessary  to  transport  the  buds  some 
distance,  tl^is  may  be  safely  done  by  cutting  a  portion 
of  the  shoot,  and  after  stripping  off  the  foliage,  wrap 
it  up  in  damp  moss,  a  few  large  leaves,  or  wet  paper, 
and  it  may  then  be  kept  for  three  or  four  days.  In 
applying  the  bud  to  the  stock  an  incision  is  to  be 
made  lengthways  through  the  bark  (but  not  so  as  to 
injure  the  wood),  about  an  inch  in  length,  and  this  is 
to  be  diagonally  crossed  at  the  top  by  another  inci- 
sion, as  shown  in  fig.  2.  The  thin  ivory  handle^r 
back  of  the  knife,  should  then  be  used  to  raise  the 
bark,  as  shown  in  fig.  3,  and  the  shield  inserted  with- 


Flg.  1. 


Fis.  2. 


Fi2.  3. 


HOSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 


83 


in,  gently  pressing  it  to  the  bottom  of  the  perpendi- 
cular incision ;  when  it  is  properly  placed,  the  portion 
of  it  above  the  diagonal  cross  should  be  cut  off  as  in 
fio;.  4,  and  ^reat  care  should  be  taken  that  it  is  in 
close  contract  with  the  wood  of  the  stock.  When 
this  is  done  bind  up  with  damp  matting,  or  cotton 
twist,  all  except  the  bud,  (see  fig.  5,)  whi«h  must  be 
Fi-.  1. 


Fi?.  5. 


i'« 


vYV-2 


left  free  to  the  air,  but  protected  from  the  powerful 
action  of  the  sun  or  wet,  either  of  which  would 
defeat  the -whole  operation.  In  eight  or  ten  days 
the  success  of  the  operation  Avill  be  known,  and  in 
two  or  three  weeks  the  bandages  must  be  loosened, 
though  not  entirely  taken  way.  From  June  to  the 
middle  of  September  budding  may  be  done,  choosing 
alwa3's  cloudy  weather  j  or  a  few  days  after  a  heavy 
rain  ;  but  for  limited  operations  any  evening  may  be 


84  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 

chosen,  always  following  the  indication  of  the  free 
parting  of  the  wood  from  the  bark,  for  if  the  bark 
does  not  rise  with  facility  the  buds  are  liable  to 
perish  for  want  of  a  due  supply  of  nourishment.  The 
buds  should  always  be  selected  from  vigorous  young 
w6od  that  has  never  flowered.  About  the  end  of 
October  i\^  plant  should  be  cut  down  to  within  a  foot 
of  where  the  operation  has  been  performed,  which 
will  greatly  tend  to  strengthen  both  the  tree  and  buds 
that  have  taken.  In  the  following  spring  all  the 
stocks  should  be  deprived  of  their  superfluous  wood; 
observe,  however,  to  leave  one  bud  or  eye  above  the 
inserted  bud,  which  will  greatly  assist  its  growth  till 
it  has  made  a  few  leaves,  and  is  fit  to  perform  the 
functions  of  vegetable  life,  w^hen  the  natural  shoot 
must  be  cut  off.  As  the  new  plant  grows  have  it 
carefully  supported,  for  one  gust  of  w4nd  in  a  moment 
of  time,  will  decapitata  the  most  cherished  object. 


PHOPAGATING    BY    GRAFTING. 

This  method  of  propagation  with  the  rose  is  of 
recent  introduction,  but  is  now  practised  to  a  great 
extent  by  the  nurseryman,  in  the  forcing  house  in 
January  and  February,  and  in  the  open  air  in 
March  and    April ;    but  in    the    southern  states    the 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  R5 

out-door  work  will  require  to  be  done  in  February. 
The  mode  now  considered  as  the  most  eligible  is 
what  is  termed  "  whip  grafting,"  without  the  slit 
or  tongue,  generally  practised,  which  weakens  the 
scion  of  the  rose.  The  stock  which  is  to  be  used 
may  be  of  any  thickness  under  one  inch,  but  the 
nearer  it  approaches  the  size  of  the  shoot  that  is  to 
be  used,  the  better,  as  it  will  increase  the  chance  of 
success.  Cut  off  the  head  of  the  stock  at  the  de- 
sired height,  enter  the  knife  at  a  smooth  part  about 
three  inches  from  the  top,  and  cut  upwards  at  an 
acute  angle.  Having  the  scion  prepared  in  lengths 
of  about  four  inches,  take  one  and  slope  the  bottom 
of  it  so  as  to  fit  the  stock,  that  the  inner  rinds  of 
both  may  exactly  correspond,  especially  on  the  'outer 
side  and  bottom ;  the  union  is  formed  first  by  the 
rind,  or  sap,  which  is  directly  between  the  bark  and 
wood,  and  if  they  are  not  placed  in  contact,  failure 
is  certain.  Let  the  graft  be  carefully  held  in  its  due 
position,  and  secure  it  with  cotton  twist,  Russia  mat- 
ting, or  threads  of  worsted,  whichever  is  m.ost  conve- 
nient ;  then  cover  the  bandage  with  well  wrought 
clay,  or  grafting  wax,  which  is  m.ade  as  follows : — 
Two  ounces  beeswax,  one  ounce  tallow,  four  ounces 
common  pitch,  twelve  ounces  Burgundy  pitch,  all 
melted  together,  and  used  when  warm,  with  a  brush. 
When  the  operation  is  performed  close  to  the  ground, 
8 


86 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE. 


or  even  under  the  surface,  draw  up  earth  all  round, 
aftec  the  graft  is  properly  tied,  leaving  one  or  two 
buds  above.  This  method  is  not  only  convenient, 
and  in  many  instances  preferable,  but  more  to  be 
depended  upon.  There  are  also  two  other  methods 
of  grafting  frequently  practised,  called  cleft-grafting, 
and  rind-grafting,  (the  former  once  in  high  repute.) 
but  the  high  winds  are  very  liable  to  break  them  off, 
and  they  do  not  make  such  a  fine  finish  as  the  method 


A  Standard  Rose  trained  umbrella  form. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    IN    JUNE.  8Tt 


above  described.  The  grafts  will  have  taken  when 
they  begin  to  grow  freely  j  the  bandages  may  then  be 
unloosed  and  tied  over  again,  to  allow  for  the  swelling 
of  the  wood.  Give  them  a  stake  for  support,  tying 
them  to  it  to  prevent  accidents  from  the  wind.  Do 
not  allow  any  shoots  to  come  up  from  the  stock.  The 
best  stock  to  work  upon  is  the  Manetti,  and  we  use 
no  other;  it  has  a  thick  bark,  stands  the  sun  well,  and 
grows  freely.  They  can  be  purchased  in  the  Nurseries 
at  a  few  cents  per  dozen.  The  Boursault  Eoses  are 
found  to  be  short-lived  and  thin  barked.  A  rose  that 
has  a  strong  bark  is  preferable. 


EOSES  THAT  BLOOM  THE  WHOLE 
SEASON. 


NOISETTE    ROSES. 

If  in  Pliny's  time  the  beauty  of  the  rose  was  con- 
ceded by  all,  and  its  praises  sung  in  undying  strains 
by  Roman  poets,  how  can  we  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, who  have  seen  this  gem  of  nature  brought  to 
such  perfection,  and  blooming  in  endless  variety  from 
the  dawn  of  spring  to  the  frosts  of  winter,  sufficiently 
admire  iti  how  can  we  adequately  celebrate  its 
merits'?  The  roses  of  June,  though  surprisingly  splen- 
did, are  past  and  gone  within  the  space  of  a  month, 
and  even  during  some  of  our  warmest  weather,  a 
plant  will  not  be  in  perfection  over  one  week,  unless 
by  extra  care  and  protection.  But  through  the  ever 
fruitful  and  wonderfully  supplying  sources  of  nature, 
aided  by  art,  we  have  "roses  of  all  hue,"  from  June  to 
January,  equally  as  rich  in  colour,  and  of  as  pleasing 
a  fragrance  as  any  of  those  of  ancient  times.  This 
country  has  contributed  her  quota  to  the  grand  Floral 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM   THE  WHOLE    SEASON.  89 

Temple,  in  raising  the  first  plant  known  under  the 
name  which  heads  this  article.  The  original  rose 
was  grown  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  by  Mr. 
Noisette,  about  the  year  1815,  and  sent  by  him  to  his 
brother,  then  a  nurseryman  in  Paris.  It  created  a 
great  excitement  among  the  Parisian  rose  fanciers, 
and  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  production  of  the 
common  China  Rose  and  White  Musk  cluster.  Since 
its  introduction  thousands  have  been  raised  and  hy- 
bridized from  it,  till  the  progeny  has  become  so  much 
amalgamated  with  the  Tea,  Bengal,  and  Bourbon 
Roses,  that  the  division,  I  may  say,  is  not  to  be  recog- 
nized. We  often  see  a  new  sort  named  Tea,  which, 
after  being  fully  tested,  proves  to  have  the  habit  of  a 
Noisette,  of  which  the  leading  feature  is  the  cluster- 
ing of  its  buds  and  flowers ;  it  is  also  either  always  of 
a  dwarf  or  a  rampant  habit.  They  are  generally  in 
this  latitude  perfectly  hardy ;  all  are  so  in  the  south, 
and  few  or  none  hardy  enough  to  bear  the  rigour  ol 
our  Eastern  or  Northern  States.  The  profusion  and 
perpetual  succession  of  their  flowers  produced  in  im- 
mense clusters,  frequently  from  fifty  to  one  hundred 
in  each,  make  them  superbly  ornamental  objects, 
calculated  for  columns,  pillars,  fences,  or  trellis  work. 
Although  hardy  here,  they  still  are  benefitted  b}*  a 
light  protection  of  straw,  mats,  litter,  or  branches, 
which    should   be   gradually  removed  in   the    spring 


90  KOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE  WHOLE    SEASON. 

after  the  frost  is  entirely  out  of  the  ground.     In  the 
south  they  require  nothing  but  pruning  to  keep  them 
within  bounds,  and  if  the  ground  is  sandy  or  poor 
they  must  have  a  regular  annual  dressing  about  their 
roots  with  very  old  manure,  or  some  enriching  matter. 
Among  the  many  the  following  will  embrace  the  best 
and  most  distinct.     The  flowers  vary  much  in  size, 
from  one  to  four  inches ;   I  will   consider  that  two 
inches  is  the  medium  size,     ^bbe  Meilloii^  very  per- 
fect rosy  red,  of  dwarf  growth,  and  profuse  bloomer. 
Alba  is  a  pure  white,  of  small  size,  but  blooms  most 
profusely:  it  never  exceeds  three  feet  in  height,  and 
makes  a  beautiful  dwarf  bush,  requiring  very  little 
support.     Alzand.,  pale  pink,  very  double,  with  fine 
large  petals,  fragrant,  and  of  medium  growth.    Aimte 
Vibert,  or  J\\via^  is  a  beautiful  pure  white,  perfect  in 
form,  a  profuse  bloomer,  but  though  quite  hardy,  does 
not  grow  freely  with  us ;  however,  when  budded  on 
a  strong  stock  it  makes  a  magnificent  standard,  and 
blooms  with  a  profusion  not  surpassed  by  any;  this 
very  exquisite  variety  was  grown  from  seed  of  a  rose 
that  blooms  only  once   in  the  season  (Sempervirens 
Pleno)  by  J.  P.  Vibert,  of  Lonjeameaux,  near  Paris, 
who  has  grown  many  very  superb  roses  from  seed. 
When  I  visited  him,  in  1839,  whilst  discoursing  upon 
roses,  he  directed  my  attention  with  great  enthusiasm 
to  this  plant,  and  said,  "Celle-ci  est  si  belle,  que  je 


EOSES    THAT    BLOOM   THE  WHOLE    SEASON.  91 

lui  ai  donne  le  nom  de  ma  fille  cherie — Aimee 
Vibert."  This  enthusiasm  can  be  easily  understood 
by  those  who,  like  myself,  have  been  so  fortunate  as 
to  see  the  two  "Aimee  Viberts" — the  rose  and  the 
young  girl,  both  in  their  full  bloom,  and  both  as 
lovely  as  their  sweet  name.  In  the  southern  states  it 
grows  freely,  and  is  a  profuse  bloomer  during  the  fall 
months.  Belle  Marseillaise  is  a  very  dark  variety, 
approaching  crimson,  perfectly  double  and  distinct. 
Boulogne  is  one  of  the  darkest  of  the  family,  ap- 
proaching a  violet  colour;  though  a  small  flower,  it  is 
very  perfect  and  a  profuse  bloomer.  Belle  D'' Esquermes 
and  Camellia  Rouge  are  the  same,  and  an  excellent 
pillar  rose,  of  a  very  distinct  bright  red  fading  to  a 
rosy-purple  colour;  flower  above  medium  size,  and 
though  not  perfectly  double,  yet  a  fine  bloomer. 

Charles  the  Tenth  is  an  old  variety,  but  keeps  its 
distinctive  character  of  colour  and  fragrance,  and  is 
in  great  demand  by  the  southern  rose-growers.  It  does 
not  generally  open  well  with  us,  but  in  a  warm  dry 
atmosphere,  and  during  our  summer  months,  it  shows 
its  large  double  rosy-purple  flowers  in  g'eat  perfec- 
tion. Champneyana^  or  Champney^s  Pink  Cluster, 
light  pink,  a  rampant  grower,  profuse  bloomer,  quite 
hardy,  even  in  cold  latitudes;  it  is  universally  culti- 
vated, and  is  well  adapted  either  for  pillars  or  ar- 
bours.    Chromaielle,  or  Cloth  of  Gold,  is  a  seedling 


92  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON, 


from  Noisette  Lamarque,  and  very  much  of  the  habit 
of  its  parent,  with  leaves  more  round,  and  growth 
more  robust,  flowers  large,  with  fine  bold  round  pe- 
tals, of  a  pale  yellow  colour,  quite  fragrant,  requires 
to  be  strong  before  it  blooms  freely ;  the  best  yellow 
ever-blooming  rose.  Clara  Wendel  is  another  rose 
having  a  yellow  shade  to  its  flowers  changing  to 
white  ;  it  is  of  a  dwarf  habit,  though  the  flowers  are 
of  the  largest  size,  and  perfectly  double.  It  first  ap- 
peared under  the  name  of  "  The  Clara  Wendel." 
Chloris  has  flowers  of  the  medium  size,  double,  of  a 
distinct  rosy  lilac  colour,  and  is  a  very  fine  dwarf 
variety.  Comtesse  de  GrilIo?i,  very  double,  pale  pink, 
in  large  clusters,  strong  growth  and  fragrant.  Com- 
tesse Orloff  is  a  bright  rosy  pink,  and  makes  a  good 
plant  for  covering  fences,  pillars,  &c.,  being  a  rapid 
o-rower  and  free  bloomer ;  the  flowers  are  rather  small 
in  proportion  to  the  growth  of  the  plant.  Conque  de 
Venus  is  now  an  old  variety;  but  not  often  excelled 
in  fragrance  and  profusion;  the  flowers  are  perfectly 
double,  creamy  white,  and  with  a  bright  pink  centre  ; 
they  are  produced  in  large  clusters  and  in  great  pro- 
fusion. Cora  L.  Barton  is  a  seedling  from  Lamar- 
que, grown  by  me  a  fe^v  years  ago ;  the  flowers  are 
of  a  clear  rosy  pink,  very  large,  fragrant,  double 
and  cup  shaped ;  a  profuse  bloomer,  of  strong 
habit,  and  makes  a  splendid  pillar.     Du  Lnxemlourg 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  93 

is  not  hardy  enough  for  this  latitude,  but  bears 
full  exposure  in  the  south,  where  it  shows  its 
beautiful  rosy  purple  flowers  in  great  splendor ;  it  is 
very  sweet  scented,  of  good  growth,  a  free  bloomer, 
perfectly  double,  and  very  distinct.  Euphrosine ; 
this  very  sweet  scented  rose  was  first  introduced  as  a 
"Tea,"  but  after  trial  proves  to  be  a  Noisette  of 
great  excellence,  both  in  its  peculiar  rosy  buff  colour- 
ed flowers,  which  it  produces  in  extravagant  profu- 
sion, and  in  its  peculiar  grateful  fragrance ;  the  flow- 
ers are  quite  double,  above  medium  size,  and  the 
plant  grows  freely.  Eugene  Pirolle,  or  Admiral  de 
Rigny,  is  a  Noisette,  of  very  perfect  form  ;  its  bright 
rose  coloured  flowers  are  produced  in  large  clusters ; 
it  is  of  a  dwarf  habit,  and  makes  a  fine  border  varie- 
ty. Fellenberg,  as  a  Noisette,  has  no  equal  for  brilli- 
ancy of  colour,  during  the  autumnal  months  ;  in  the 
early  part  of  the  season  it  is  of  a  pale  red,  but  in  the 
fall  its  colour  approaches  a  scarlet,  with  large  floweis 
produced  in  clusters  of  thirty  to  fifty.  It  is  per- 
fectly hardy,  a  great  acquisition  to  this  fumily,  and 
should  be  in  every  garden  or  rosary  that  has  any  pre- 
tensions to  variety  ;  the  foliage,  when  young,  has  a 
peculiar  red  colour.  Fleur  de  Jeune  Jlge^  or  Lamar- 
que  a  cceur  rose,  is  quite  a  new  variety,  and  has  the 
growth  and  habit  of  Jaujie  Desprez,  and  no  doubt  is 
a  seedling  from  that  rose ;  it  is  of  a  yellowish- white, 


94  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 


with  a  delicate  pink  centre,  quite  fragrant,  and  has 
been  classed  among  the  "Thes."  The  Noisette  Roses 
have  become  so  much  impreguated  with  the  varie- 
ties of  Rosa  Odorata,  that  many  of  the  sort,  when 
they  bloom  for  the  first  time,  are  denominated  "  The  ' 
roses,  but  their  farther  growth  and  subsequent  bloom 
bring  them  under  the  head  of  Noisettes,  from  their  ten- 
dency to  produce  their  flowers  in  large  clusters. 
Jaune  Desprez,  Desprez  D^Arcoh^  and  French  Yellow 
Xoisette^  are  the  same.  It  enjoys  a  celebrity  which 
few  of  its  tribe  have  attained  for  hardiness,  rapidity 
of  growth,  fragrance,  and,  when  well  established,  for 
profusion  of  flowers,  which  it  produces  in  large  clus- 
ters. The  colour  is  a  rosy-buff  inclining  to  orange, 
and  perfectly  double.  It  should  always  be  planted 
where  it  will  be  under  the  eye,  as  its  colour  does  not 
make  it  a  remarkable  object  from  a  distance,  a  quali- 
fication which  Fellenberg  possesses  in  the  most  emi- 
nent degree.  Jeanne  (T Arc^  a  strong  grower,  of  a 
pure  white  colour,  very  fragrant,  flowers  rather  small 
for  the  habit  of  the  plant.  Julia  or  Julia  Dante,  is 
a  pretty,  pale,  sweet  scented  variety,  though  ver}^  like 
Conque  de  Venus  j  it  is  yet  quite  distinct  in  habit, 
and  the  flowers  have  a  little  more  of  the  blush  in 
them.  Julia  de  Loy?ies  has  been,  and  is  still  consid- 
ered by  some,  as  a  Bourbon  rose ;  its  foliage  does  in- 
cline a  little  to  that  family,  but  the   flowers  have  all 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  95 

the  character  and  habit  of  Noisette,  to  which  I  consi- 
der it  to  belong  ',  its  colour  is  of  a  delicate  blush 
white  ;  flowers  above  medium  size,  double  and  finely- 
scented  j  the  habit  is  very  strong,  (though  not  of  rapid 
growth,)  giving  a  profusion  of  bloom  the  whole  sea- 
son. La  Biche  is  still  a  good  rose  when  first  open,  of 
a  pale  blush  colour,  though  almost  instantly  changing 
to  pure  vv^hite;  rather  large  and  double;  it  is  an  ex- 
cellent pillar  rose,  of  free  growth,  and  is  frequently 
sold  for  Lamarque.  Lactans^  as  its  name  implies,  is 
a  milky  white,  so  pure  that  I  do  not  remember  having 
seen  any  rose  of  so  delicate  a  white.  I  received  it  a 
few  years  ago  as  a  Tea,  but  it  now  ranks  among  the 
Noisette,  and  with  the  dwarf  varieties.  Its  flowers, 
which  it  produces  very  freely,  are  very  large  and  ex- 
tremely double.  La  Kymiphe^  a  beautiful  blush  pink, 
quite  double,  a  profuse  bloomer,  of  medium  growth. 
Lamarque  ;  this  is  a  celebrated  variety,  now  known 
over  the  whole  country  for  its  magnificent,  large,  per- 
fectly double,  yellowish-white,  pendulous  flowers, 
which  it  produces  in  clusters  of  three  to  ten  in  each. 
In  good  dry  rich  soils  it  will  grow  twenty  feet  in  a 
season,  and  one  of  my  correspondents  in  South  Caro- 
lina informs  me,  that  their  plant,  now  eight  years 
old,  covers  a  veranda  fifty  feet  long  and  twenty  feet 
high,  and  is  one  mass  of  flowers  from  May  to  Decem- 
ber.    There  is  also  a  plant  in  this  city,  that  occupies 


96  ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

twenty  feet  by  eight  of  a  fence  that  faces  north, 
where  it  is  influenced  by  the  morning  and  evening 
sun  ;  but  the  sun  from  November  to  March,  never 
touches  the  plant,  confirming  the  opinion  that  in 
winter  the  sun  does  more  injury  to  delicate  roses  than 
the  cold.  This  plant  does  much  better  on  its  own 
roots  than  when  budded  or  grafted.  LandretJi's  Car- 
mine or  Carmine  Cluster^  is  of  a  very  distinct  car- 
mine colour,  quite  double,  flowering  profusely  from 
July  to  late  in  the  season  ;  its  first  buds  do  not  open 
well,  but  it  is  well  adapted  for  a  southern  climate ;  it 
was  grown  from  seed  by  the  Messrs.  Landreth  twenty 
years  ago.  Le  Paciole,  T/e  Pactole^  The  Chrysan- 
thimeflora^  and  JVew  Yellow  Tea  ;  this  distinct  variety 
is  distinguished  by  all  these  names ;  the  flowers  are 
of  pale  sulphur  yellow,  changing  to  a  yellowish- white, 
as  soon  as  they  are  exposed  to  the  full  rays  of  the 
sun ;  the  plant  is  of  a  dwarf  habit,  and  will  make 
shoots  two  feet  long,  surmounted  by  twenty  to  forty 
flowers;  it  is  no  doubt  a  seedling  between  the  Yellow 
Tea  and  Lamarque.  Lee,  Monstrosa,  Ccelestis,  Gran- 
diflora,  Triomphe  des  J\^oisettes^  and  Carassnna  ,  this 
plant  is  shamefully  circulated  under  all  these  names, 
and  gives  additional  proof  that  names  are  more  nu- 
merous than  varieties;  it  it  a  good  old  rose,  of  a  blush 
colour,  producing  its  flowers  in  large  thin  clusters,  and 
opening  very  well  in  warm  dry  weather,  but  in  moist 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THK    WHOLE    SEASON.  97 

seasons  it  does  not  expand  freely,  and  may  be  called 
hard-headed  ]  it  is  a  strong  grower,  and  is  best  appro- 
priated for  a  fence  or  arbour.  Lutea^  or  Smithii^  is  a 
great  favourite  through  the  southern  states,  growing 
freely,  and  opening  in  great  perfection,  except  in  time 
of  rain;  the  colour  is  of  a  pale  lemon-yellow  before 
the  sun  destroys  it,  and  is  delightfullj' fragrant,  though 
entirely  too  tender  for  the  open  air  in  Pennsylvania  j 
it  makes  a  splendid  rose  for  forcing  if  kept  in  a  high 
and  rather  dry  atmosphere,  but  if  syringed  with  water 
before  the  flowers  are  expanded,  it  glues  the  petals  to- 
gether, and  they  perish  before  opening.  When  I  first 
introduced  this  rose  I  could  not  supply  all  the  demands 
for  it  the  first  year,  at  five  dollars  each  plant.  Ma- 
dam Byrne  and  Cora  L.  Barton  were  produced  from 
the  same  hip  of  seed  from  Lamarque,  and  are  roses 
very  distinct  both  in  habit  and  colour.  Madam 
Byrne  is  a  yellowish-white,  with  a  pink  centre,  large, 
and  very  double  ;  the  wood  is  very  slender,  but  of 
free  growth,  and  makes  a  beautiful  pillar  plant;  from 
the  same  seed  I  obtained  also  a  bright  scarlet  rose  per- 
fectly single,  w^hich  shows  that  almost  every  variety 
of  colour  may  be  produced  from  the  same  rose,  at  the 
same  time,  and  without  artificial  impregnation,  but  by 
the  assistance  of  art,  both  character  and  colour  may 
be  greatly  improved.  Madam  Jovin,  delicate  pink, 
small  compact  flower,  very  perfect';  plant  of  a  low 
9 


98  EOSES    THAT    EL003I    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

growth.  Maria,  rosy  red,  very  pretty,  perfect  form, 
a  constant  bloomer,  wood  slender,  though  of  rapid 
growth.  Mrs.  Siddons,  pale  yellow  white,  very  dou- 
ble, of  dwarf  habit.  Odoraia  of  the  English  is  the 
same  as  Jeanne  d^  Arc  of  the  French.  Ophirie ; 
this  rose  was  sent  to  me  seven  years  ago  by  my  cor- 
respondent near  Paris,  without  any  pretensions  of  col- 
our or  character.  It  proves  to  be  one  of  the  very 
best  of  the  Noisettes  j  colour  orange,  yellow,  tinged  with 
red,  medium  size,  very  double,  fragrant,  a  strong 
grower,  blooming  constantly,  and  will  prove  a  beau- 
tiful evergreen  rose  in  our  southern  states.  Orloff  is 
now  an  old  rose,  but  for  growing  and  producing  a 
profusion  of  bright  rose-coloured  flowers,  it  has  few 
equals.  They  are  of  rather  loose  form,  but  very 
showy  at  a  distance  ;  admirable  for  covering  out- 
buildings or  distant  fences.  It  will  even  stand  the 
severity  of  the  eastern  states  during  winter.  V^ery 
distinct  from  Comtesse  Orloff,  and  more  hardy. — 
Petit  Annie,  quite  a  pretty  pink  variety,  with  exquis- 
itely formed  flowers;  dwarf  habit,  blooming  abun^ 
dantly.  P halt 6^  rosy  buff,  large;  flowers  of  medium 
growth.  Pompo7ie  is  a  strong  growing  sort  with  a 
dense  foliage  ;  the  flowers  are  rosy-pink,  quite  dou- 
ble, and  delicately  fragrant ;  it  is  very  well  adapted 
for  covering  arbours,  or  unsightly  fences,  being  a  very 
strong  grower,  and  clothed  with  foliage  from  bottom  to 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOIM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  99 

top.  Pourpre  de  Tyre^  dark  crimson,  large,  quite  dou- 
ble, and  a  very  splendid  variety.  It  evidently  ap- 
pears to  be  more  of  a  Hybrid  Bourbon  than  a  Noi- 
sette, both  in  growth  and  in  constancy  of  bloom. 
Prudence  Roeser  /  this  rose  appears  to  be  a  complete 
hybrid,  and  perhaps  more  properly  belongs  to  the 
Bourbon  family ;  the  flowers  are  finely  cupped,  per- 
fectly double,  and  of  a  fine  rose  colour ;  it  is  of  a  stiff 
dwarf  habit.  Sir  Walter  Scott  is  very  much  like 
OiloiT,  with  a  few  more  shades  of  purple  in  it,  and  is 
more  double  and  fragrant;  its  growth  is  equally 
strong,  and  makes  a  splendid  pillar  rose.  Solfatare 
was  sent  to  me  by  its  grower,  eight  years  ago,  as  a 
**  superb  Yellow  Tea  rose,  not  equalled,"  and  when 
it  first  bloomed,  it  fully  maintained  its  Tea  character, 
but  as  soon  as  I  grew  it  on  its  own  roots,  it  directly 
assumed  the  habit  of  our  favourite  Lamarque  Noisette, 
with  the  young  wood  inclining  more  to  yellow,  and 
the  foliage  more  pointed ;  in  colour  it  is  a  bright  sul- 
phur Yellow  j  very  large  and  fully  double,  with  an 
agreeable  fragrance.  When  fully  established,  it  flow- 
ers freely,  and  grows  rapidly ;  it  is  perfectly  hardy, 
and  one  of  the  most  splendid  of  pillar  roses  ;  it  is 
equally  well  adapted  for  training  against  trellises. 
An  eastern  or  northern  aspect,  where  it  will  have  a 
portion  of  the  sun,  will  suit  it  best,  and  fully  preserve 
its  beautiful  colour.     In  addition  to  this  rose  holding 


100         HOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    REASON". 

its  character,  it  appears  also  to  retain,  as  yet,  its  name 
(Solfatare)  unchanged  ;  few  choice  roses  are  so  fortu- 
nate ',  I  say  so  fortunate,  for  it  is  truly  a  disgrace  to 
any  vender  or  amateur  to  change  the  name  of  ftny  ro^e 
knowingly,  merely  to  prevent  his  brethren  in  the  trade 
from  reaping  at  once  any  benefit  by  procuring  the  ar- 
ticle from  its  original  source,  or  to  deprive  a  co-lover 
and  admirer  of  the  rose  from  possessing  the  plant  im- 
mediately, and  from  enjoying  an  equal  pleasure  with 
his  neighbour.  American  growers  are  not  so  directly 
criminal  in  this  respect;  but  they  are  frequently  •  led 
into  error  by  purchasing  from  some  French  importers, 
who,  in  many  instances,  have  plants  to  suit  any  name 
or  colour.  It  is  surprising  that  we  patiently  submit 
to  having  the  same  dose  of  humbug  so  frequently 
administered  to  us.  We  are  also  occasionally  caught 
by  our  English  rose-growers,  who  in  visiting  France, 
pick  up  the  surplus  stock  of  any  new  and  choice 
rose,  take  it  home,  advertise  boldly  under  a  new 
name,  and  sell  it  at  a  golden  price.  Superba  is  one 
of  our  oldest  Noisettes,  and  holds  a  rank  anapng  the 
first  for  profusion  of  bloom ;  of  a  pale  pink  colour, 
and  in  splendid  clusters  from  the  base  to  the  top  of 
the  plant,  forming  a  very  excellent  pillar  variety  ; 
it  will  not  exceed  seven  feet  in  height  with  us. 
Victoire  d^^umy,  bright  rosy  pink,  small  flower,  very 
perfect  in  form,  plant  of  a  dwarf  habit.      Victorieuse, 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         101 

Pictoriiim^  or  La  Viciorieuse,  is  perhaps  more  of  a 
Tea  than  Noisette,  being  very  like  the  former,  except 
the  ckistering  of  its  flowers,  ^«-hich  are  large  pale 
blush,  beautiful  and  fragrant  j  dwarf  growing.  Vitel- 
lina,  pure  white,  very  fine,  is  strongly  hybridized 
with  the  Tea  Rose,  and  has  been  no  doubt  a  seedling 
from  Lamarque,  to  which  the  flowers  bear  a  strong 
resemblance.  Washington^  pure  white,  flower  medium 
size,  quite  double,  blooming  in  large  clusters,  a  rapid 
grower,  with  rich  foliage,  and  very  desirable  as  a 
pillar  plant  or  for  covering  objects.  Raised  from 
seed  by  Mr.  Stewart,  Florist,  of  this  city.  Many  of 
the  dwarf  growing  Noisettes  are  improved  in  appear- 
a^ge  by  budding  them  on  stems  two  feet  high,  espe- 
cially those  that  have  large  pendent  flowers.  Such 
as  staii-^ards,  are  really  elegant.  The  whole  beauty 
of  Noisette  Roses  (which  is  very  great)  can  only  be 
fully  brought  out  where  they  are  properly  cultivated. 
It  cannot  be  expected  that  these  plants  will  show 
their  growth  and  elegant  habit  when  in  flower,  if 
they  are  merely  deposited  with  their  roots  under 
ground,  without  any  system  of  arrangement  or  cul- 
ture. In  the  first  place,  the  situation  must  not  be 
subject  to  inundations  of  water ;  neither  will  they  do 
well  on  a  wet  soil.  They  require  what  is  technically 
termed  a  "  dry  bottom,"  either  naturally  so,  or  artifi- 
cially made  5  the  soil  deep  and  rich,  having  a  consider- 
9* 


102        ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

able  proportion  of  sand  in  it;  and  if  not  very  rich, 
rendered  so  by  thoroughly  rotted  manure,  or  black 
earth  from  the  woods.  Their  arrangement  can  be 
carried  out  into  many  forms,  and  to  any  required 
extent,  according  to  the  taste  of  the  cultivator.  A 
very  agreeable  method  is  to  have  them  in  groups, 
with  the  tallest  in  the  centre,  trained  in  a  pyramidal 
or  pillar  form,  and  the  dwarf  sorts  forming  the  base 
of  the  pyramid;  they  may  be  thus  disposed,  keeping 
those  of  a  colour  together,  or  mixing  the  colours. 
Grouping  those  of  a  colour  together  is  the  most 
appropriate  method.  The  eye  is  then  relieved  in 
viewing  the  groups,  by  passing  from  white  to  crimson, 
and  from  crimson  to  white;  whereas,  if  the  colours 
are  blended  together  in  each  mass,  the  effect  is  that  of 
confusion  and  monotony,  without  any  interest  after 
the  first  glance.  The  same  system  will  apply  to 
covering  arbours,  verandahs,  &c.  In  landscape  gar- 
dening the  rose  is  indispensable;  it  can  be  made  to 
accomplish  any  purpose  in  breadth  or  height,  depth 
or  lightness.  For  detached  objects  they  are  also  very 
appropriate,  form  most  elegant  pillars,  and  if  placed 
on  elevated  ground,  have  a  very  imposing  effect. 
The  posts  used  should  be  of  red  cedar,  best  sapling 
oak,  locust  or  yellow  pine,  and  sunk  at  least  three 
feet  into  the  ground,  from  four  to  six  inches  thick, 
and  from  six  to  twelve  feet  high;  if  higher,  the  heavy 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         103 

winds  are  very  severe  upon  them.  For  those  that 
grow  only  from  three  to  six  feet,  small  rods  of  any 
description  will  be  suitablej  painting  them  with  a 
green  or  stone  colour;  strong  twine,  willow,  glycine, 
or  lead  wire,  may  be  used  for  tying.  In  pruning, 
from  the  month  of  November  to  March,  thin  out  the 
wood  of  three  or  four  years  old,  and  shorten  all  the 
shoots  in  proportion  to  their  growth;  that  is,  shoots 
that  have  made  only  a  growth  of  twelve  to  twenty 
inches,  can  be  cut  to  within  three  or  four  eyes  of  the 
preceding  year's  wood;  and  those  that  have  grown 
from  three  to  ten  feet  should  be  shortened  down  to 
two  to  six  feet.  By  this  process  they  will  throw  out 
strong  blooming  shoots  that  will  flower  the  whole 
season.  They  must  have  every  year  a  good  supply  of 
rich  compost,  or  decayed  offal  of  any  description, 
incorporated  among  the  soil  in  which  they  are  grow- 
ing. Never  plant  ji  rose  in  the  same  soil  that  a  rose 
has  been  growing  in  before.  If  it  is  required  to  be 
planted  in  the  same  spot,  remove  the  old  soil,  and 
replace  it  with  new,  to  the  depth  of  one  to  tw^o  feet. 
They  delight  on  a  sandy  rich  loam,  on  a  gravelly  or 
dry  bottom.  This  is  particularly  requisite  where  the 
soil  is  of  a  stiff  clay,  and  subject  to  crack  during  the 
summer  months.  If  thus  properly  provided  for  when 
planted,  they  will  grow  in  the  greatest  perfection  and 
bloom  profusely.    It  is  necessary  to  cut  off  the  flower- 


lO-i         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

ing  stems  as  soon  as  they  begin  to  fade,  thus  prevent- 
ing their  going  to  seed  except  when  required,  as  ma- 
turing the  seed  impoverishes  the  plant,  and  retards 
the  reproduclion  of  a  succession  of  blossoms.  If  they 
are  not  wanted  to  grow  to  a  great  extent,  cut  the 
shoots  down  to  within  two  to  four  feet  of  the  ground 
every  season.  The  dwarf  sorts  make  very  pretty 
standard  plan's  when  budded,  one  or  two  feet  above^ 
the  ground,  on  the  Alanettii  or  French  Eglantine  ; 
but  the  strong  growing  kinds  should  never  be  budded 
for  standards  j  they  make  straggling  heads,  and  never 
come  to  such  perfection  as  when  on  their  own  roots. 
To  grow  Noisette  Roses  from  seed  is  a  very  easy  pro- 
cess, and  its  failure  or  success  can  be  ascertained  in 
two  years;  generally  in  one.  The  best  varieties  for 
the  purpose  are  Lamarqiie,  Camellia  Roiige^  Cora  L. 
Barton,  Salfatare,  and  Fe/lenberg ;  these  planted  to- 
gether, and  assisted  by  art,  Avill  produce  many  dis- 
tinct varieties,  and  will  fully  repay  all  the  trouble 
and  patience  bestowed  upon  them.  If  it  is  required 
to  have  them  of  a  darker  shade  than  any  of  these, 
pollen  can  be  applied  from  any  of  the  dark  flowering 
Bengal  or  Bourbon  Roses.  Of  the  latter,  Gloire  de 
Rosamene  will  give  great  brilliancy  of  colour,  and  is 
very  suitable  for  the  purpose,  as  it  already  partakes 
of  the  Noisette  habit.  From  these  suggestions  many 
others  may  arise  to  the  mind  of  the  operator,  and  if 
acted  upon,  the  results  may  go  beyond  anticipation. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         105 


ROSA    INDICA    ODORATA. 

THE    TEA-SCENTED    ROSE. 

It  Is  nearly  forty  years  since  this  rose  was  Intro- 
duced Into  Europe  from  China.  At  what  period  it 
was  first  brought  to  this  country  is  to  us  unknown ; 
but  it  cannot  be  less  than  thirty  years  since ;  neither 
are  we  aware  of  any  improvement  being  made  upon 
it  with  us,  or  even  with  the  French,  who  are  the 
leading  spirits  in  everything  connected  v/ith  the  rose. 
It  is  a  free  seed-bearer,  and  has  been  the  parent  of 
many  varieties,  many  of  which  excel  it  in  size,  but 
few  or  none  in  fragrance.  Few  growers  are  very 
successful  in  its  culture ;  its  growth  at  times  is  very 
luxuriant,  and  it  sometimes  makes  a  shoot  three  feet 
long;  but  such  instances  rarely  occur.  The  varieties 
from  it,  however,  are  magnificent ;  many  of  them,  of 
the  most  luxuriant  character,  with  flowers  of  all  shades 
from  white  to  red.  The  family  are  nearly  all  too 
tender  for  culture  in  this  latitude  without  winter  pro- 
tection. To  grow  them  perfectly  (and  they  are  well 
worth  extra  care)  the  ground  should  be  prepared  ex- 
pressly for  them.     They  delight  in  a  rich  light  soil 


106         KOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    ^"KOLE    SEASON. 

with  a  dry  bottom,  and  in.  an  elevated  position.  If 
the  soil  is  naturally  sandy,  it  will  only  require  to  be 
enriched  by  manure,  or  plenty  of  black  decomposed 
leaves  from  the  woods,  in  which  they  will  grow  in 
wdld  luxuriance;  but  if  the  soil  is  heavy  and  clayey, 
it  should  be  thrown  out  to  the  depth  of  twenty  inches. 
Six  inches  of  the  bottom  should  be  filled  up  with 
rough  rubbish,  such  as  stones,  brickbats,  or  branches 
of  trees ;  over  these  place  sixteen  inches  of  prepared 
soil,  which  will  allow  for  settling.  Two  or  three 
weeks  after  the  bed  is  prepared,  the  roses  may  be 
planted.  In  the  southern  states,  this  operation  can 
be  performed  in  February  and  March,  but  with  us 
April  and  the  early  part  of  May  is  the  most  proper 
season.  If  the  bed  is  made  in  soil  retentive  of  water, 
it  will  require  to  have  a  drain  laid  from  it  to  keep 
the  bottom  dry,  otherwise  it  would  be  providing  a 
basin  of  water  for  the  plants,  which  to  them  would 
prove  a  "bed  of  death"  in  winter.  The  only  shelter 
necessary  here  is  a  covering  of  boards,  glass,  cedar 
branches,  or  stra^v;  the  latter  is  a  bad  protection  when 
exposed  to  rain  and  snow,  which  causes  mouldiness 
about  the  plants,  and  even  kills  tbem;  where  glass  is 
not  accessible,  all  that  is  required  is  a  temporary  and 
movable  frame  or  covering  of  boards,  which  must  be 
removed  as  soon  as  spring  appears.  Treated  thus 
they   will  not   receive    any   material   injury  in   this 


EOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASOX.  107 

vicinity  from  our  severest  winters;  but  to  the  east- 
ward, when  there  is  no  green-house,  they  require  to 
be  kept  in  good  substantial  close  frames ;  this  can 
readily  be  accomplished  by  lifting  them  from  the 
various  parts  of  the  garden  and  planting  them  very 
com.paclly  together  in  the  frame  provided  for  them 
about  tlie  middle  of  October ;  if  the  plants  are  taller 
than  the  frame  will  admit  of,  la\-  them  in  an  inclining _ 
position,  what  the  gardeners  call  "by  the  heels;"  they 
will  require  no  water  till  spring. 

About  the  first  week,  or  tov«-ards  the  middle  of 
April,  they  must  be  taken  out,  in  a  cloudy  day, 
pruned  of  all  deca3^ed  or  superfluous  wood,  and  care- 
fully planted  into  the  place  prepared  for  them.  By 
adopting  this  method,  which  I  have  often  practised, 
every  lover  of  this  celebrated  rose  in  the  eastern 
states  can  enjoy  them  in  the  greatest  luxuriance  from 
June  to  October.  A  substantial  movable  frame,  seven 
teet  wide  and  twelve  feet  long,  which  may  be  made 
ot  two  inch  rough  plank,  one  foot  high  in  front  and 
two  and  a  half  feet  high  on  the  back,  covered  with 
three  sash,  can  be  completed  for  the  small  cost  of 
thirteen  to  sixteen  dollars,  and  will  afford  ample  pro- 
tection for  two  hundred  plants,  which  will  embrace 
all  the  choicest  Tea  and  Bengal  Roses,  and  afford  a 
floral  gratification  in  roses  worth  three  times  the 
amount.     Such  a  frame  can  be  placed  in  a  sheltered 


108  ROSES    THAT    BL003I    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

situation,  and  also  used  for  propagating,  from  cuttings, 
all  the  varieties  of  the  monthly  roses  in  June,  July 
and  August  without  bottom  heat.  However,  where 
there  are  only  a  few  scattered  plants,  they  will  do 
very  well  covered  with  branches  of  cedar,  a  box,  or 
barrel,  perforated  in  several  places,  to  allow  the  mois- 
ture to  evaporate.  In  mild  latitudes  ever}^  flower 
garden  should  have  a  full  and  perfect  collection  of 
this  lovely  tribe.  If  my  words  could  paint  its  beau- 
ties, or  give  any  idea  of  its  fragrance,  1  would  not 
plead  for  it  in  vain.  But  one  fault  they  have,  and 
that  is,  too  much  similarity  among  the  generality  of 
them.  Although  a  difference  can  be  discerned  in  all, 
yet  I  confess  it  requires,  in  many  instances,  a  very 
discriminating  eye  to  detect  it.  But  the  following 
will  be  found  distinct  in  colour  and  character,  and 
worthy  of  an}^  culture  requisite  to  bring  them  to  per- 
fection. Adam^  very  large — perfectly  formed,  deep 
blush,  full  and  fragrant.  Antherose^  or  Anteros^  is 
very  double,  cup-shaped,  of  a  pale  pinkish-white  shad- 
ing to  yellow  in  the  centre,  grows  very  strong,  and 
blooms  well  in  pot  culture.  Archiduchesse  Theresa 
Isabel^  or  Isabel^  a  very  distinct  dwarf-growing  white, 
requiring  the  shoots  to  be  well  thinned  out  in  order 
to  make  it  grow  strong  for  flowering ;  the  flowers  are 
double  and  very  pure.  Abricott^  fawn  colour,  with 
an  apricot  coloured  centre  quite  distinct,  free  growth. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASOx\.  109 

strong  foliage.  Am(Rna^  pale  rose,  changeable  to 
rosy  pink,  very  double,  a  moderate  grower.  Barhot 
is  a  very  strong  growing  rose,  quite  large,  of  a 
creamy-blush  colour,  and  frequently  deep  pink, 
though  the  French  describe  it  as  "a  yellow  edged 
with  rose  5""  it  is  highly  fragrant,  and  an  indis- 
pensable variety.  Belle  Marguerite ;  the  distinctive 
character  of  this  rose  is  easily  perceived  at  a  con- 
siderable distance  5  its  strong  upright  habit  produ- 
cing its  flowers  on  short  stiff  footstalks  j  the  colour 
from  a  pale  rosy  lilac  to  a  dark  crimson,  perfectly 
double ;  when  well  grown,  a  great  bloomer  and  tole- 
rably hardy.  Bougere  has  a  great  many  admirers ; 
the  flowers  are  extremely  large,  fully  double,  of  a 
rosy-lilac  colour,  alwa^'^s  cup-shaped,  and  even  fading 
away  in  that  form;  the  buds  are  very  large  before 
they  expand  5  it  is  one  of  the  strongest  growers,  and 
bears  our  winters  with  very  slight  protection.  Bout- 
rand  is  a  noble  rose  of  a  bright  pink  colour,  perfectly 
formed,  and  a  free  grower.  Caroline  is  a  beautiful 
rose,  of  a  bright  rosy-pink  colour,  with  finely  formed 
flowers,  always  blooming  perfect,  and  in  great  profu- 
sion, even  five  or  six  in  a  cluster.  It  is  one  of  the 
hardiest,  having  every  quality  of  a  first  rate  rose. 
Surety  rosy  red,  cup  formed,  fully  double,  a  free 
o-rower,  distinct.  Charles  Reybaud^  pale  rose,  of  rather 
loose  form,  quite  large,  and  blooms  freely.  Clara 
10 


110         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    AVHOLE    SEASON, 


Sylvain  is  a  large  and  perfectly  formed  pure  white 
rose,  a  strong  grower  and  an  abundant  bloomer ;  one 
of  the  best  of  the  whites,  giving  entire  satisfaction 
wherever  grown.  Claudia  is  a  beautiful  creamy- 
blush,  perfect  in  every  character,  but  a  scarce  variety. 
Comte  de  Paris  is  greatly  esteemed  in  France,  and 
is  yet  very  scarce  in  this  country. 

There  are  at  least  (that  we  have  seen)  four  distinct 
roses  cultivated  and  sold  for  the  veritable  "Comte." 
When  once  under  the  eye  it  cannot  be  mistaken;  the 
plant  is  of  a  very  strong  habit,  with  large  shining 
foliage,  and  the  spines  or  thorns  distantly  set  on  the 
wood,  but  very  strong;  the  flowers  perfectly  double, 
of  a  pale  rose  colour,  the  bottom  of  the  petals  in- 
clining to  yellow ;  the  buds  are  quite  large,  round 
pointed,  and  like  Caroline,  always  expanding  freely 
in  airy  situations.  Devoniensis  is  the  tea  rose  in  the 
superlative  degree.  Though  at  first  represented  as 
being  a  fine  sulphur  yellow,  and  figured  as  such,  it 
proves  to  be  a  creamy-white,  but  when  just  open, 
in  cloudy  w^eather,  is  of  a  canary  colour ;  w-hen  v;ell 
cultivated,  it  produces  flowers  of  immense  size,  and 
in  clusters ;  it  growls  freely,  with  dark  green  foliage, 
possesses  a  delightful  fragrance,  far  surpassing  the 
ancient  Tea  Eose,  and  is  a  very  valuable  sort  for 
either  pot  or  garden  culture.  It  is  an  English  variety, 
but  is  now  sold  cheaper  in  America  than   in   either 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         Ill 

France  or  England.  Delphine  Gaudot,  pure  white, 
blooming  in  clusters ;  though  not  fully  double,  yet 
very  profuse  of  bloom.  Due  d^Orleaiis^  at  first  sight, 
much  resembles  Belle  Marguerite,  though  it  is  rather 
brighter  in  colour,  and  the  growth  not  so  strong. 
Duchesse  de  Mecklenbourg  is  a  perfectly  formed  dou- 
ble variety,  of  a  creamy-yellow  before  it  is  deprived 
of  its  hue  by  the  sun,  whose  brilliant  rays  rob  nearly 
all  roses  of  this  shade  of  colour.  Elisa  Sauvage  is 
another  of  that  description  of  colour.  Though  very 
diiTerent  in  growth,  which  is  not  so  strong,  yet  the 
flowers  are  very  strong,  and  make  a  splendid  appear- 
ance when  forced.  Etienie^  white,  with  a  delicate 
rose  centre,  very  large  flowers,  and  perfectly  double, 
growing  and  blooming  freely.  Flavescens,  or  Yellow 
Tea,  pale  straw  colour,  extremely  large  bold  petals : 
it  is  very  splendid  when  half  expanded,  but  when 
full  blown  is  loose  and  not  fully  double ;  it  bears 
an  abundance  of  seed,  but  we  have  never  produced  a 
good  rose  from  it.  This  plant  was  introduced  into 
England  from  China,  by  Mr.  Parks,  about  the  year 
18-24.  In  fresh  sandy  rich  loamy  soil  it  grows  very 
strong,  and  flowers  profusely,  but  does  not  thrive  in 
heavy  soils.  My  late  partner,  Mr.  Hibbert,  intro- 
duced this  rose  and  the  IVhite  China  into  this  country 
in  1828,  and  the  first  plants  that  were  sold  of  them 
was  in  1830 ;  they  are  now  found  in  thousands  over 


112        ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

every  part  of  the  United  States.  FloraUe,  pale  rosy 
blush,  very  perfect  form,  blooming  in  clusters,  very 
profusely.  Fragoleita,  or  Roi  des  Beiges,  very  large 
pale  rose,  full  and  perfect,  grows  freely;  it  is  also 
known  in  some  collections  as  Xapoleon.  Gigantesque^ 
for  size  of  flower,  deserves  its  name  ;  but  deficiency 
in  form  detracts  from  that  merit;  yet  its  pale  fleshy 
coloured  flowers  are  very  showy.  Goubault  is  a  large 
rosy  blush  inclining  to  yellow  in  the  centre ;  very 
double,  distinct  and  fragrant;  it  grows  freely,  and 
will  occasionally  produce  seed,  from  which  fine  varie- 
ties will  no  doubt  be  obtained.  Hamon  is  a  delightful 
rose,  with  large  flowers  changing  from  blush  to  deep 
rose  colour,  a  profuse  bloomer,  and  appears  to  succeed 
best  when  budded  upon  a  stronger  growing  variety. 
Hardy,  or  Gloire  de  Hardy,  is  a  pretty  variety,  with 
pale  pink  flowers  quite  double,  though  not  so  large  as 
the  generality  of  Tea  Koses.  Hymenee  is  a  profuse 
creamy  white,  perfectlj^  double,  growing  freely  in  any 
situation,  and  quite  hardy  in  this  vicinity.  Hippolyte 
is  another  of  the  same  character,  but  has  more  of  the 
yellow  in  it,  and  more  fragrant.  Josephine  Malton 
is  an  elegant  rose,  of  first  rate  character ;  the  flowers 
are  large,  retaining  a  cup  shape  to  the  last,  of  a 
creamy  white  colour ;  the  plant  is  strong  growing, 
and  apparently  very  hardy.  Julie  Mansais  generally 
approaches  a  pure  white,  though  we   have  seen  it 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         113 

quite  yellow  during  cloudy  weather  in  September  and 
October  j  the  flower  perfectly  double,  retaining  its 
cup  shape  till  faded.  La  Sylphide  ;  this  rose  possesses 
every  requisite  for  admiration  ;  it  grows  very  luxuri- 
antly; the  flowers  are  very  large,  of  a  rosy  buff  turn- 
ing to  a  creamy-white  colour,  produced  in  great 
profusion,  and  in  either  bud  or  bloom  is  always 
admired ;  does  extremely  well  for  pot  culture,  and 
is  quite  hardy  for  the  garden.  Lyon?iais,  very  large 
pale  pink,  often  a  fine  blush,  quite  double,  blooms 
freely,  a  strong  grower,  and  is  a  very  desirable 
variety.  Mada?n,  Desprez  is  frequently  seen  in  very 
great  perfection ;  in  that  state  it  is  a  fac-simile  of  a 
Double  White  Camellia,  with  the  most  agreeable 
fragrance.  It  is  rather  delicate  on  its  own  roots,  but 
when  budded,  grows  well;  in  the  south  it  is  greatly 
admired.  An  amateur  a  few  years  ago  presented  me 
with  a  plant  of  this  as  something  he  had  grown  from 
seed,  very  magnificent,  and  under  a  new  name ;  f 
parted  with  two  or  three  plants  before  the  error  was 
detected.  Madam  Galet  approaches  Elisa  Sauvage  in 
colour,  but  the  growth  is  miuch  stronger;  it  is  conse- 
quently more  hardy,  and  will  grow  in  a  more  northern 
latitude.  Mansais  is  very  distinct  from  Julie  Mansais 
in  both  habit  and  colour ;  the  flower  is  quite  large,  of 
a  buff*  colour,  with  a  pink  centre,  perfectly  double  ; 
the  buds  are  very  pointed,  the  wood  strong  and  of  a 
10* 


11-i         HOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

spreading  habit,  very  hardy.    Marechal  Bugeaud,  very 
large,  of  a  bright  rose  colour,  quite  double,  a  strong 
grower  and  very  superb,  blooming  abundantly.    Mel- 
ville requires  only  to  be  seen  once  to  be  recognized  ever 
afterwards;  the  plant  will  make  shoots  three  or  four 
feet  long,  crowned  with  very  large  dark  rosy  blush 
flowers  perfectly  double ;  the  foliage  is  strong,  dark 
green,  and  deeply  serrated ;  it  is  quite  hardy,  and  very 
desirable.     Jvloire  is  a  distinct  globular  variety,  beau- 
tifully shaded  with  rose  and  blush,  very  perfect.  .Mon- 
dor,  large  rosy  blush,  fading  to  a  pale  buff  colour,  very 
double.     Xiphetos  is  a  white,  remarkable  for  its  large 
taper-formed  flower  bud,   and  till  it   is  fully  open  is 
very  splendid  ;  but  like  the  Yellow  Tea,  when  fully 
expanded,  it  is  not  at  all  attractive  ;  the  wood  is  strong, 
and  a  hardy  variety.     A^lsida^    fawn    coloured    rose, 
regular  cup-shape,  very  fragrant,  pale  green  foliage,  a 
free  bloomer.     Odorata  or  Common  Tea  Rose  ;  few  or 
none  of  the  family  possess  the  peculiar  fragrance  oi 
this  delightful  rose  ;  its  large   rosy  bl;sh  flower  buds 
will  ever  be  admired  ;  when  full  blown   it  is  not  so 
attractive  as  others,  but  will  always  be  desirable  for 
its  agreeable  odour,  though  perhaps  one  of  the  most 
difiicult  of  die  family  to  grow  well.     A  liberal  por- 
tion of  leaf  mould  and  sand  appears  to  suit  it.     Pau- 
line Plantier  ;  this  is  among  the  many  that  have  light 
flowers,  nearly  white  shading  to  yellow,  a  character 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         115 

becoming  too  prevalent  in  the  family,  and  growers 
should  be  ever  cautious  in  putting  forth  so  many  of 
those  whose  colours  are  "so  much  alike,"  though  they 
may  differ  to  a  nice  eye  in  the  leaf,  a  shoot,  or  an 
imaginary  shade. .  Pellonia,  pale-straw  colour,  large 
flower,  though  very  loosely  formed,  bud  long  and  poin- 
ted, a  free  grower.  Princess  ^^delaide^  pale  sulphur 
yellow,  very  double,  a  weak  grower  and  rather  an 
indifferent  flower  except  when  well  grown.  Prince 
d* Esterhazy  is  a  beautiful  blush  variet}^,  similar  to 
Lyonnais,  except  being  a  fev/  shades  darker;  it  re- 
tains its  globular  form  till  nearly  faded — grows  free- 
ly. Princesse  Helene  Modeste  and  Princesse  HCUne 
Luxembourg  are  nearly  alike,  though  the  latter  has  a 
little  more  of  the  yellowish  colour  than  the  former ; 
they  are  different  in  growth,  and  both  are  fine  fully 
double  roses.  Princesse  3Iorie,  when  well  grown, 
will  be  admired  by  all ;  its  large  deep  rose-coloured 
waxy  flowers,  from  four  to  five  inches  in  diameter,  of 
perfect  cup  form,  which  they  retain  till  entirely  fa- 
ded, are  not  excelled  by  any  of  the  colour ;  it  is  of 
a  strong  upright  habit,  and  nearly  as  hardy  as  the 
common  China  Rose.  Reve  du  Bonheur,  or  T/ie 
Happy  Dream^  is  a  very  distinct  sort ;  the  buds,  before 
they  open,  have  the  petals  edged  with  bright  red ; 
before  expansion  it  appears  striped,  and  when  expan- 
ded is  a  creamy-blush  ;  though  not  perfectly  double 


116         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

it  is  yet  very  desirable  for  its  distinctive  character, 
and  being  in  bloom  before  any  other  of  the  group. 
Rei?ie  Victoria  approaches  Melville  ;  though  not  of  so 
bright  a  colour  it  is  fully  as  strong  in  habit,  but  the 
foliage  not  so  deeply  serrated.  Roman,  pale  lemon 
white,  large  flower,  fully  double.  Safrano,  when  the 
bud  opens  in  the  morning,  is  a  fine  saffron  or  dark 
orange  colour,  and  is  beautiful ;  in  the  forenoon  it  is 
blush  and  in  the  afternoon  a  very  poor  white  not 
worth  notice,  and  unless  you  see  it  pass  through  these 
changes,  3'ou  could  scarcely  believe  il  to  be  the  same 
rose.  Souvenir  (Tun  Ami,  pale  rose,  large  flower, 
fully  double.  Stromhio  cannot  be  too  well  known  ; 
though  an  old  variety,  it  holds  its  place,  with  its  large 
pendulous  rosy-white  flowers,  perfectly  formed  of  a 
cup  shape,  and  in  profusion.  It  is  also  a  luxuriant 
grower,  and  withstands  our  winters  without  protec- 
tion. Taglioni  is  a  large  rose,  of  a  fine  white  incli- 
ning to  pink  towards  the  centre;  a  hardy  strong  vari- 
ety. Thehe,  with  every  character  of  a  Bengal  rose, 
has  the  odour  of  the  Tea  very  strong,  and  is  put  in 
this  tribe  on  that  account  only ;  it  is  of  a  bright  rosy- 
red  colour,  of  rather  dwarf  habit,  flowers  profusely, 
and  quite  double.  Triomphe  du  Luxembourg  ;  per- 
haps there  is  not  a  rose  mentioned  in  this  little  volume 
that  has  been  so  universally  distributed  over  the  floral 
world  in  the  space  of  thirteen  years,  as  this  celebra- 


KOSES    THAT    BL003I    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         117 

ted  variety.  The  flowers  are  often  six  inches  in  di- 
ameter, of  a  peculiar  rosy  bufr  colour,  and  may  be 
frequently  seen  of  a  yellowish- white  or  deep  rose, 
according  to  the  season  and  situation  ;  its  growth  is 
remarkably  strong-,  in  some  soils  producing  shoots  five 
feet  long  in  one  season,  flowering  freely  and  perfectly, 
and  is  possessed  of  considerable  fragrance.  Turgot^ 
dark  rose  in  the  form  of  Belle  I\Iarguerite  of  the 
same  habit  but  darker  in  colour.  Vicomtesse  de 
Cazes,  pale  orange-yellow,  quite  double,  very  fine 
when  extra  well  grown.  This  rose  with  Eliza  Sau- 
vage,  Princess  Adelaide  and  some  others  has  the  same 
fault  of  weak  growth  and  paucity  of  bloom.  Victo- 
ria Modesfe^m  the  southern  latitudes,  is  very  splendid, 
blooming  perfectly  the  whole  season  ;  but  it  does  not 
bloom  here,  except  in  the  months  of  July  and  August. 
The  flowers  are  of  a  fine  blush  colour,  very  large  and 
cup  formed  ;  the  growth  of  the  strongest  habit,  and 
the  shoots  thickly  studded  with  thorns.  William 
Wallace  is  of  a  pale  blush  colour,  an  extra  large  flow- 
er perfectly  double,  blooms  and  grows  freely.  I 
cannot  say  that  since  our  first  edition  there  has  been 
any  rose  added  to  this  group  that  surpasses  or  even 
equals  Devoniensis. 

There  could  be  many  others  named,  but  their  de- 
scription would  merely  be  a  repetition  of  those 
given  5  there  are  others  that  pass  under  very  exalted 


118         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

names,  though  roses  of  very  inferior  character.  A 
choice  bright  red  or  crimson  Tea  Rose  is  still  a 
desideratum.  There  are  several  that  approach  that 
colour,  but  are  not  up  to  the  standard  of  a  connois- 
seur. From  the  cultivation  of  the  many  beautiful 
sorts  here  described  we  may  hope  to  see,  ere  long, 
this  long  expected  treasure  spring  forth  to  delight  our 
eyes.  The  most  successful  grower  of  roses  from 
seeds  has  been  Mr.  Hardy,  of  the  Luxembourg  Gar- 
dens, near  Paris,  who  annually  raises  thousands  by 
that  process ;  and  there  is  not  a  year  passes  that  he 
does  not  send  forth  some  article  worthy  the  name  of 
the  grower.  The  Tea  Rose  is  well  adapted  for  for- 
cing, either  in  the  hot-house  or  hot-beds  prepared  for 
them.  They  require  a  temperature  of  from  60°  to 
70^^,  and  will  flower  in  six  weeks  from  the  time 
they  have  been  subjected  to  the  forcing  process  j  the 
atmosphere  must  be  kept  moist  by  syrir]ging.  A  good 
criterion  to  know  the  humidity  of  the  air  they  are  in, 
is  by  observing  the  dew  upon  the  plants  in  the  morn- 
ing If  they  are  lightly  covered  with  it,  showing  the 
pearly  drops  from  the  tip  of  the  foliage,  it  is  a  good 
sign;  but  if  this  is  not  seen  every  morning,  the  at- 
mosphere is  too  dry,  and  the  plants  must  be  freely 
syringed  and  kept  well  watered.  Budded  plants 
force  finer  than  those  on  their  own  roots ;  this  can  be 
done  with  great  facility  by  budding  on  the   manettii 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE   WHOLE    SEASON.  119 

stock  or  any  other  strong  growing  variety.  In  July 
or  August  layer  the  young  wood  of  these  plants,  and 
insert  the  bud  at  once  about  a  foot  from  the  ground. 
These  laj^ers  will  be  well  rooted  in  October,  when 
they  can  be  lifted,  potted,  and  put  into  a  shady  place 
in  any  frame  or  out-house,  free  from  frost,  till  required 
for  forcing.*  Mildew  frequently  attacks  them  when 
in  artificial  heat ;  a  few  applications  of  sulphur  water 
will  keep  it  down  ;  but  if  the  airing  has  been  proper- 
ly attended  to,  and  the  water  judiciously  given,  that 
disease  will  not  appear.  Grafted  plants  stand  out  all 
winter  perfectlj^  well  with  us,  if  the  top  is  pruned  in 
November  and  covered  with  oiled  paper,  oil-cloth, 
inatting,  or  any  other  similar  substitute,  which  we  re- 
move in  March,  and  frequently  find  the  plants  in  as 
good  order  as  they  were  when  tied  up.  We  take  this 
precaution  also  with  many  of  the  Noisette  and  Ben- 
gal varieties.  This  is  so  easily  practised  that  it  should 
not  be  omitted  where  there  is  the  least  danger. 

*  If  grown  one  year  in  pots,  they  will  make  finer  plants, 
and  nriay  then  be  made  to  bloom  profusely  in  the  following 
January. 


120         ROSES    THAT    BLOO.AI    THE    WHOLE    SEASON, 


ROS  A.    INDIC  A. 

THE    BENGAL    CHINESE,    OR    DAILY    ROSE. 

This  and  Rosa  Semperfiorens,  although  considered 
distinct  species,  have  been  so  completely  intermixed 
and  amalgamated,  that  it  is  now  impossible  to  define 
the  difference  between  them.  They  have  been,  since 
their  introduction  sixty  years  ago,  universally  cultiva- 
ted, and  are  admired  by  all.  Not  only  the  cottager 
and  the  great,  but  the  poor  inmate  of  the  most  cheer- 
less abode,  and  the  lonely  widow  whose  domains  ex- 
tend not  beyond  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  win- 
dow-sill— all  call  in  this  favourite,  to  adorn  the  hum- 
ble porch,  or  decorate  the  fanciful  parterre,  to  throw 
a  gleam  of  light  in  the  desolate  attic,  and  to  speak  of 
flowers  that  never  fade.  They  are  of  a  very  hardy 
nature,  and  will  endure  almost  every  vicissitude  of 
treatment,  but  cannot  very  well  bear  the  winter  in  the 
open  air  without  protection,  north  of  Philadelphia. 
They  will,  however,  do  well  to  the  east  by  covering 
their  roots,  five  or  six  inches  thick,  with  dry  leaves, 
and  two  feet  all  round.  Distribute  some  earth  over  the 
leaves  to  prevent  them  being  blown  about  by  the  wind. 
Give    them  rich    sandy    loamy  soil    of  considerable 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         121 

depth ;  plant  in  an  airy  situation,  and  never  near  a 
tree,  or  any  other  bush   which  exhausts  the  soil,  and 
deteriorates  the  coloui  of  the  flower.     The  best  season 
for  pruning   is  as   early  in  the  spring  as  their   buds 
show  a  disposition  to  swell  j  in  doing  so  cut  out  all 
the  dead  wood,  shorten  any  of  the  young  shoots  that 
are  irregular ;  the  old  stinted  wood  should  be  cut  as 
near  the  ground  as  possible  ;  that  the  bush  may  stand 
free  and  regularly,  thin  all  over;  dig  in  among  their 
roots  every  season  a  good  supply  of  rich  compost  or 
old  manure,  and  stir  and  hoe  them  frequently  during 
the  summer.     The   remarks  we  have  made  upon  the 
culture  of  the  Tea  Rose   will  not    be   misapplied  if 
practised   on   the  Bengal,  though  these  last  are  inva- 
riably  more  hardy.     There  are  about   one  hundred 
varieties  of  them  cultivated,  though  one-half  of  that 
number  will  give   every  variety  and  character,  com- 
pared with   which  most  of  the  others  will  be   found 
worth  neither  name  nor  culture.     Aglae  Loth^  shaded 
rose   fading   to  dark  red,  very  double,   and    perfect 
form.     A  ranee  de  jYavaro,  sent  out  as  a  Tea,  but  evi- 
dently a    Bengal,   of  a  pale  rosy   pink   colour,  very 
profuse   and  double.     Archduke   Charles  is  a  noble 
variety,  opening  a  bright  rose  colour,  and  changing  to 
crimson  ;  the  points  of  the  petals  are  frequently  tip- 
ped with   bright  red.     Arsenie  or  Arsione^    is  of  a 
delicate  rose  colour,  very  perfect  in  form,   grows  and 
11 


122        ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASO:N'. 

blooms  freely,  quite  distinct.  Beau  Carmin  is  of  the 
Sanguinea  habit,  a  very  distinct  variety,  with  dark 
crimson-purple  shaded  flowers,  quite  double,  and  cup 
formed,  is  a  free  grower,  and  continually  in  bloom. 
Belle  de  Monza,  though  one  of  the  oldest  varieties, 
holds  its  distinctive  character  in  producing  a  profusion 
of  flowers,  when  first  open,  of  a  rosy  colour  changing 
gradually  to  very  dark  crimson,  perfectly  double  ;  the 
plant  is  a  strong  grower,  and  very  hardy.  Belle  de 
Florence  is  a  pale  carmine  variety  with  very  perfect 
flowers  under  medium  size,  a  profuse  bloomer.  Belle 
Isidore  grows  rampantly,  even  stronger  than  the  com- 
mon China,  from  which  its  flowers  differ,  being  more 
double,  and  changing  from  pink  to  crimson.  Boisnard 
IS  of  a  pale  sulphur,  changing  to  nearly  white,  and 
appears  to  have  all  the  character  of  a  Tea  Rose  ex- 
cept fragrance.  Camel liajlora^  not  white  as  some  will 
suppose  from  its  name,  but  rosy  red  changeable  to 
dark  red,  very  perfect  form,  large  and  distinct.  Ca- 
meleo7i  is  another  of  the  changeable  sorts,  opening  a 
fine  rose  colour,  and  then  gradually  changing  to  crim- 
son \  is  perfectly  double,  and  a  strong  grower.  Car- 
min t/'  YebleSj  is  very  appopriately  named,  being  of  a 
bright  carmine  colour,  very  perfect,  growing  and 
blooming  freely ;  said  to  be.  "  striped  with  white ;'' 
many  crimson  roses  have  stripes  of  white,  which,  in 
general,  is  more  a  fault  than  a  beauty.     Cels^  or  Mul- 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         123 

tiflora  Cels^  ranks  among  the  best  of  the  blush  roses; 
indeed  for  profusion  of  bloom  it  has  not  a  rival ; 
every  flower  perfect,  fully  double,  and  cup  shaped, 
growing  freely  in  almost  any  soil  or  situation,  and  is 
an  excellent  variety  to  force  into  early  bloom.  Co- 
quette^ changeable  red,  to  rosy  purple  ;  flowers  double 
and  in  profusion,  approaching  the  habit  of  Beau  Car- 
mine. Cramoisi  Superieur,  or  Bengal  Agrippina^  is 
universally  admired  for  its  brilliant  crimson  cup  form- 
ed flowers,  perfectly  double ;  it  is  a  strong  grower  and 
should  be  in  every  collection.  Don  Carlos  may  be 
mentioned  for  being  represented  as  a  striped  variety. 
It  closely  resembles  the  common  Sanguinea  though  not 
so  bright,  and  has  about  as  many  stripes  as  Sanguinea. 
Duchess  of  Kent  is  a  neat  pale  pink  rose,  of  a  dwarf 
habit,  and  rather  small-sized  flower.  Etna,  of  Lux- 
embourg, and  UEtna  are  the  same,  and  like  Belle 
Isidore  has  that  changeable  colour  from  rose  to  crim- 
son; the  petals  are  often  tipped  with  scarlet,  making 
it  very  attractive.  Eugene  Hardy  is  of  a  delicate 
rosy  colour,  very  distinct,  perfectly  double,  and  me- 
dium size.  Fahvier^  admired  for  brilliancy  of  colour 
(being  near  a  scarlet)  and  its  seeding  qualities. 
General  Soyer,  rosy  purple,  fully  double,  medium 
size.  Gigantea  is  an  old  strong  growing  sort,  pro- 
ducing very  large  and  fully  double  flowers,  blooming 
perfectly,  and  quite  hardy.  Gros  Charles  is  a  mag- 
niflcent    variety,    with    large    perfectly    imbricated 


124?         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

flowers  of  a  shaded  rose  colour  j  the  plant  also 
grows  free  and  strong.  Hortensia^  a  very  distinct 
old  variety,  perfect  in  form,  full  size,  a  strong 
grower,  blooms  profusely,  of  a  blush  pink  colour. 
Indica  is  the  common  variety,  and  generally  known 
as  the  Daily  Rose,  from  its  frequency  in  blooming, 
and  not  from  its  blooming  every  day,  as  some  sup- 
pose ;  it  is  the  type  of  the  family.  When  we  say 
large,  we  mean  larger  than  this  rose  (Daily),  and 
when  small,  we  mean  smaller  than  this.  The  flower 
is  of  a  dark  blush  or  rose  colour,  and  about  three 
inches  in  diameter.  It  grows  very  strong,  frequently 
making  shoots  five  feet  long  in  one  season  in  rich 
sandy  soil  5  it  is  one  of  the  best  for  forcing,  and  thou- 
sands of  it  are  sold  in  the  Philadelphia  market  at 
from  six  to  fifty  cents  per  plant.  Plants  two  feet 
high  are  grown  from  small  cuttings  forced,  and  sold 
within  twelve  months.  Such  has  been  the  rapidity 
of  rose  culture  about  this  city,  that  twenty-five  years 
ago  there  were  not  one  thousand  rose  plants  in  its 
vicinity,  and  now  there  are,  at  the  lowest  calculation, 
fifty  thousand  disposed  of  in  the  course  of  a  single 
year.  Indica  j9lba  is  the  very  popular  White  Daily 
Rose,  first,  imported  to  this  country  in  1828,  and  now 
spread  through  every  town,  village,  and  garden  of  the 
Union.  It  is  very  much  like  the  old  White  Tea  Kose. 
Though  the  petals  are  not  so  thick  and  waxy  as  that 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  125 

variety,  the  plant  grovvs  more  freely  and  blooms  more 
profusely.  It  is  also  well  adapted  for  early  forcing. 
Icterose  is  a  creamy-white  with  yellow  centre ;  a  very 
double  variety,  blooming  and  growing  freel}'-,  and 
has  much  the  appearance  of  being  a  variety  of  the  , 
Tea,  though  it  has  not  much  of  its  fragrance.  Jack- 
sonia*  is  an  American  variety,  producing  a  profusion 
of  bright  red  flowers,  perfectly  double;  the  wood  is 
strong  and  very  full  of  spines.  It  is  also  known 
under  the  name  of  Hundred  Leaved  Daily.  Joseph 
Deschiens,  rosy  purple  shading  to  violet  crimson, 
large,  cup  form.  Jacques  Plantier,  large,  very  dou- 
ble, shaded  violet  crimson  passing  to  rosy  purple, 
strong  growth.  La  Ca^mens  is  a  beautiful  rose,  the 
flower  being  of  the  form  of  a  White  Camellia,  but  of 
a  rosy  crimson  colour;  it  is  very  perfect,  and  greatly 
admired.  Lady  Warroider^  very  pure  white,  perfect 
cup  form,  pretty  double,  blooms  abundantly  and 
o-rows  freely,  very  similar  to  Tea  Clara  Sylvain. 
Louis  Philippe  has  not  an  equal  for  growth,  in  good 
soils  frequently  making  a  shoot  six  feet  long  in  one 
season;  the  flowers  are  large,  perfectly  double,  of  a 
slobular  form :  the  circumference  of  the  bloom  is  of  a 
dark  crimson  colour;  the  centre  a  pale  blush,  making 
it  altogether  perfectly  distinct  from  any  other  rose  in 


*  In  compliment  to  the  late  President  Jackson. 
11* 


126         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

cultivation ;  it  will  give  entire  satisfaction.  We 
have  seen  it  passing  under  the  name  of  King  of 
France.  Madam  Breon^  bright  rose,  very  large,  dou- 
ble flower,  of  fine  habit.  Madam  Hersent^  or  Augus- 
ti7ie  Hersent^  is  a  fine  bright  rose-coloured  variety, 
very  large,  and  though  not  very  perfect  in  form,  makes 
an  excellent  display;  is  of  good  growth,  and  tolerably 
hard\\  Marjolm  ranks  among  the  finest  dark  crim- 
son roses;  it  produces  its  flowers  in  great  abundance; 
they  are  large,  globular,  and  perfectly  formed,  quite 
hardy,  growing  luxuriantly.  Meilhz^  or  Tht,  a  Fleurs 
Jaune^  has  been  cultivated  here  many  years,  and 
though  numbers  have  originated  since,  3-et  none  has 
its  character  for  great  profusion  of  bloom,  luxuriance 
of  growth,  and  hardiness ;  the  flowers  are  pure  white, 
and  produced  in  clusters.  Mi^s  Bell,  beautiful  rosy 
blush,  large  flower,  cup  form,  very  perfect,  an  excel- 
lent American  variety.  Miss  Sergeant  is  a  bright 
pink  rose,  of  fine  habit,  profuse  flowering,  strong 
growth,  and  perfect!}'  hardy;  it  was  grown  from  seed 
by  Mr.  Mackenzie,  of  this  city.  Pri?ice  Charles  is  a 
fine  light  crimson  variety,  very  perfect  in  form,  and, 
as  well  as  many  others  of  similar  good  qualities,  is  an 
offspring  of  the  Luxembourg  Gardens.  Prince  Eugene 
is  a  very  rich  crimson  rose,  being  in  colour  between 
Cramoisi  Superieur,  and  Roi  des  Cramoisis ;  perfectly 
double  and  hardy.     Queen  of  France^  large,  dark  red, 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOJI    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         127 

very  double,  cup-form,  approaching  the  character  of 
Marjolin.  Heine  de  Lombardie  is  the  queen  of  the 
bright  rosy-red  varieties;  it  is  of  the  most  globular 
form,  which  it  retains  to  its  last  hour.  The  flowers 
are  perfectly  double,  and  produced  in  profusion  ;  the 
plant  grows  rapidly,  and  is  quite  hardy.  There  is 
not  a  rose  of  the  colour  better  adapted  for  forcing  or 
growing  in  pots,  for  the  parlour  or  green-house.  Roi 
des  Cramoisis  was  brought  by  me,  in  1839,  from  Paris, 
where  I  saw  the  original  plant,  around  which  there 
was  a  regularly  trodden  path  made  by  its  admirers,  of 
which  I  was  one,  never  before  having  seen  a  dark 
rich  crimson  rose  with  so  much  odour ;  the  flowers 
too  were  large,  fully  double,  and  cup  formed  j  the 
plant  three  or  four  feet  high,  and  fully  loaded  with 
its  gorgeous  blossoms.  It  has  since  appeared  in  several 
collections,  having  been  imported  under  the  name  of 
Ezigene  Becniharnais ;  it  grows  freely,  and  is  well 
worth  cultivating.  Rose  of  Five  Colours^  nearly 
single,  bud  long,  and  tapering  flower  of  a  creamy- 
white,  spotted  or  stained  with  rose,  foliage  pale 
green,  weak  growth.  We  have  seen  many  fine  roses 
that  had  more  character  of  five  colours  than  the  pre- 
sent subject,  which  would  not  have  been  noticed  were 
it  not  for  the  imposing  name  which  has  excited  so 
many  amateurs.  Rubens^  or  Ruhan  Pourpre,  of  the 
English,   is    a  distinct   rosy-violet    coloured  variety, 


128         ROSES    THAT    BLOOIM    THE  WHOLE    SEASON. 

with  perfectly  formed  flowers,  though  not  so  strong 
in  growth  as  many  others.  Stmperflorens ;  this  is  the 
far-famed  crimson  Chinese,  or  Sanguhiea  Rose^  the 
type  of  all  the  scarlet  or  crimson  varieties  of  this 
division;  it  is  perfectly  double,  cup  shaped,  of  a  rich 
crimson  colour,  and  is  universally  cultivated ;  its 
nature  is  not  so  hard}^  as  some  others,  but  yet  it 
withstands  our  winters  with  very  simple  protection, 
and  though  of  humble  growth,  gives  a  profusion  of 
bloom  throughout  the  entire  season.  Triomphant,  or 
Bengal  Triomphant^  is  a  popular  rose,  very  large  and 
full,  of  violet-crimson  colour,  and  m.ay  be  often  seen 
of  every  shade,  from  rosy-lilac  to  violet-crimson;  the 
flowers  are  always  perfect  in  form.  The  plant  has 
passed  under  several  other  names  in  Europe,  such  as 
La  Superba,  Grande  et  Belle,  Pceony  j\''oisette,  Sec, 
but  is  known  with  us  under  the  two  former  names 
only.  Triomphe  de  Gand  approaches  the  former,  but 
the  colours  are  not  so  varied,  and  the  plant  is  more 
robust  in  habit.  Vesuvius,  very  bright,  rich  crimson, 
medium  size,  fully  double,  fragrant,  a  strong  grower, 
very,  desirable.  Virginal,  very  beautiful  blush  pass- 
ing to  blush  white,  full  cup-form,  quite  distinct. 
Viridiflora,  flow^er  under  medium  size,  double,  bloom- 
ins:  in  lar9:e  clusters  of  a  brig-ht  o-reen  colour,  evi- 
dently  a  sport  from  the  daily  rose  that  (as  we  believe) 
originated  in  the  vicinity  of  Baltim.ore  a  few  years 


KuSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  129 

ago;  quite  a  curiosity.  Washingt07i  was  one  of  our 
first  American  seedling  roses,  grown  by  the  old  house 
of  D.  and  C.  Landreth  ;  it  is  yet  a  distinct  variety  in 
both  flowers  and  foliage;  the  former  are  crimson, 
with  white  at  the  bottom  of  the  petals,  and  frequently 
striped  much  more  distinctly  than  Do/i  Carlos  ^  the 
foliage  is  a  pale  peculiar  green,  with  red  nerves;  it 
grows  and  blooms  freely. 

This  tribe  of  the  rose  family  is  yet  vsusceptible  of 
great  improvement;  we  want  some  of  pale  rose  and 
blush  colours,  with  a  few  of  dark  rich  crimson.  For 
the  former,  we  strongly  urge  the  impregnating  of 
Meillez  with  Lady  War  render  and  Queen  of  Lorn- 
bnrdy ;  and  Roi  des  Cramoisis  with  Marjolin ;  the 
offspring  of  these  will  doubtless  give  some  choice 
sorts.  It  now  requires  a  very  superior  article  to  rank 
among  first  rate  roses,  and  none  shall  ever,  v/ith  our 
consent,  be  sent  forth  with  a  name,  without  merit. 
Standards,  or  rose  trees  of  from  one  to  three  feet  of 
the  Bengal  sorts,  are  very  attractive,  and  should 
always  be  cultivated  where  variety,  character,  and 
ornament  are  desired.  They  can  be  very  easily  bud- 
ded on  the  Manettii  stock  at  any  required  height,  and 
with  care  may  continue  to  flourish  from  ten  to  fifteen 
years,  keeping  their  heads  close  pruned,  and  giving 
them  plenty  of  enriching-  materials  about  their  roots 
^inter.     Some  of  the  delicate  orrowin":  varieties 


130         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

can  be  budded  on  the  stronger  sorts;  tbe  common 
daily  rose  makes  an  excellent  stock,  and  it  can  be 
propagated  with  such  facilit}'  that  any  quantity  of 
strong  plants  may  be  got  for  the  purpose.  All  the 
China  roses  can  be  propagated  by  cuttings  taken  from 
the  plants  as  soon  as  they  have  done  blooming,  in 
June,  August,  September,  and  October;  the  shoots, 
about  three  or  four  inches  long,  that  have  produced 
flowers,  are  the  best  for  the  purpose  ;  cut  tiiem  off 
close  to  the  old  wood,  and  reduce  them  to  three 
inches  in  length,  cutting  off  the  top;  then  insert  them 
into  sandy  rich  earth,  in  a  shady  spot,  or  on  the  north 
side  of  a  fence,  or  in  a  frame  where  they  can  be 
shaded  from  the  sun;  it  is  necessary  to  make  the 
cuttings  firm  in  the  soil,  leaving  about  an  inch  of  the 
top  above  the  ground,  with  one  or  two  leaves  thereon; 
give  them  a  sprinkling  of  water  every  evening  for  a 
few  weeks,  when  they  will  be  rooted,  and  may  then 
be  left  to  take  their  chance ;  if  put  in  in  June  they 
will  form  strong  plants  before  winter;  but  where  they 
are  only  required  to  a  limited  extent,  layering  will  be 
found  the  safest  method,  and  will  always  produce  a 
good  strong  plant.  For  this  purpose,  select  a  shoot 
in  August,  about  a  foot  long;  cut  and  place  it  into 
the  ground  as  directed  for  layering  in  a  former  part 
of  this  work.  When  fully  rooted,  about  the  end  of 
October,  they  can  be  cut  off  and  put  away  into  winter 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEA  SOX.  131 

quarters,  either  by  the  heels  in  a  frame,  or  planted 
into  pots.  They  must  be  shaded  from  the  sun  for  a 
few  daj's  after  removal,  and  will  be  greatly  strength- 
ened by  having  their  tops  cut  ofT,  only  leaving  one, 
or  at  most  two  branches,  six  to  eig-ht  inches  long; 
Those  of  robust  habit  do  not  make  handsome  stand- 
ards ;  they  shoot  away  into  irregular  forms,  and 
require  to  be  repeatedly  trimmed  into  shape  during 
the  growing  season.  Summer  pruning  has  been 
strongly  urged  upon  the  -horticulturist  by  many 
writers  in  Europe,  where  they  have  a  cool  humid 
climate  to  operate  inj  but  in  this  country,  where 
growth  is  so  rapid,  it  requires  all  the  foliage  a  plant 
produces  to  convey  to  the  roots  the  nourishment 
(carbonic  acid)  it  derives  from  the  atmosphere,  to 
support  their  free  growth  during  the  months  of  July 
and  August.  Every  leaf,  young  shoot^or  branch  that 
a  tree  or  plant  is  deprived  of,  during  the  period  of 
their  growth,  is  merely  withdrawing  from  them  a 
portion  of  their  daily  food.  J  have  rarely  seen  sum- 
mer pruning  attended  with  beneficial  results,  but  the 
contrary.  The  proper  method  is  to  disbud,  or  merely 
take  the  tip  from  the  extremity  of  a  shoot.  "The 
size  of  a  plant  is  proportional  to  the  surface  of  the 
organs  which  are  destined  to  convey  food  to  it.  A 
plant  gains  another  mouth  and  stomach  with  every 
new  fibre  of  root  and  ever}'-  new  leaf."     When  the 


132        ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

Bengal,  or  any  of  the  Tea  roses,  that  have  been 
planted  in  the  open  ground  during  the  summer,  are 
wanted  to  decorate  the  green-house,  or  parlour,  during 
(he  fall  or  winter  months,  the  best  plan  is,  towards 
the  middle  of  September,  to  cut  the  roots  rouud  each 
plant,  leaving  the  ball  of  ground  less  than  the  pot 
you  intend  using.  Cutting  the  roots  will  cause  the 
plant  to  droop,  but  in  about  a  fortnight  they  will 
iT:ake  fresh  rootlets,  an<f  will  be  ready  for  potting, 
which  must  be  done  with  care,  not  to  crumble  the 
ball  of  earth  or  disturb  the  fresh  roots.  By  this  means 
the  plants  will  look  more  handsome  than  if  they  had 
been  grown  in  pots. 


ROSA    LAW  RE  N  CIA  N  A. 

THE    MINIATIKE    EOSE. 

These  diminutive  roses  were  first  introduced  from 
China,  where  the  greatest  efforts  of  horticulture  are 
directed  towards  dwarfing  ever}-  tree,  shrub  or  plant. 
In  this  instance,  however,  it  is  no  peculiar  mode 
of  treatment  that  has  stunted  the  growth  of  the 
plant,  or  diminished  the  size  of  the  flowers ;  but 
these  roses  have  been  the  produce  of  seeds  saved 
from   the    smallest   flowers  of  the   kind,   year   after 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         133 

year,  till  they  now  have  become  the  fairies  of  the 
tribe.  In  France  they  cultivate  about  a  dozen  varie- 
ties of  these  Lilliputians,  varying  in  colour  from 
nearly  white  to  dark  crimson.  In  this  country,  where 
almost  every  flower  must  be  a  Goliah,  before  it  is 
admired,  this  family  has  been  nearly  lost  sight  of. 
Indeed,  they  are  entirely  buried,  when  planted  among 
those  gorgeous  flowers  we  have  already  attempted 
faintly  to  describe.  It  is  therefore  necessary,  in 
cultivating  the  miniature  rose,  to  grow  them  in  a 
spot  by  themselves ;  for  this  purpose  a  slightly  ele- 
vated position  is  the  best,  the  ground  having  been 
prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  directed  for  Bengals 
or  Teas.  The  following  are  the  most  distinct  varie- 
ties of  European  origin,  jllba^  pale  blush,  perfect  in 
form,  contrasting  beautifully  with  the  high  coloured 
sorts — quite  scarce  in  this  country.  Caprice  des 
Barnes^  pink  changing  to  blush,  quite  double,  distinct 
from  any  of  the  others.  La  Miniature^  a  bright  pink 
rose,  perfect  in  character,  v»ith  the  flower  about  the 
size  of  half  a  dime,  the  plant  about  six  inches  high 
when  full  grown.  Gloire,  crimson,  in  size  and  growth 
rather  larger  than  the  former.  Pompon,  of  the 
French,  is  the  old  Indica  Minor,  from  which  no  doubt 
they  have  originated.  Bijou  is  a  clear  rose  colour, 
very  similar  to  the  first  named,  but  a  few  shades  dark- 
er. There  is  also  the  Pretty  American,  a  plant  of 
12 


134        ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 


low  stature,  never  exceeding  six  or  seven  inches  in 
height,  grown  by  Mr.  Boll,  of  New  York.  And  last 
and  least,  we  copy  from  the  third  volume  of  Hovey's 
Magazine  of  Horticulture  an  account  of  the  Prince 
of  Dwarfs,  which  originated  at  Mr.  Feast's,  of  Balti- 
more.— "When  three  years  old,  the  Master  Burk  had 
fine  full  blown  and  very  double  flowers;  and  the 
half  of  a  common  hen's  egg-shell  would  have  cov- 
ered the  whole  bush  without  touching  it.  This  1  saw 
and  assert  to  be  a  fact.  It  is  now  seven  or  eight  years 
old,  flowers  regularly  every  year,  afl*ording  wood  for 
propagation,  and  has  never  yet  attained  two  inches  in 
height,  nor  its  whole  top  exceeding  one,  or  one  and  a 
half  inch  in  diameter ;  the  rose  is  about  the  size  of  a 
buck-shot."  The  article  was  written  by  a  gentleman 
of  high  standing,  with  whom  I  am  personally  acquain- 
ted, and  do  suppose,  as  he  says,  it  is  "  a  fact,"  al- 
though I  have  not  been  able  to  get  possession  of  the 
plant. 


KOSA    BOURBONIANA. 

THE    BOURBON    ROSE. 

It  is  about   twelve  years  since  we.  predicted  that 
this  group  of  roses,  in  a  few  years,  would  be  the  most 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  135 

popular  of  the  whole  family  of  the  "  Queen  of  Flow- 
ers ^"  that  prediction  is  now  literally  fulfilled,  in  the 
great  demand  by  all  the  admirers  and  cultivators  of 
the  rose,  for  the  varieties  of  this  family.  Our  readers 
will  allow  that  the  taste  thus  created  within  a  few 
years  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  when  we  have  held 
up  to  their  admiration  the  choice  bouquet  of  these 
flowers  which  we  are  now  about  to  present.  As  this 
family  has  become  so  very  popular,  its  history,  no 
doubt,  will  prove  interesting  to  many,  and  is  indeed 
worthy  of  some  attention. 

The  first  rose  is  said  to  have  been  imported  from 
the  Isle  of  Bourbon  to  France  in  1822,  and  is  there 
known  in  the  catalosrue  of  the  French  o-rowers  as 
Rose  de  Pile  de  Bourbon.  It  attracted  great  atten- 
tion by  its  peculiar  habit  and  profusion  of  brilliant 
bright  rose-coloured  flowers,  blooming  in  June,  with 
a  slight  tendency  to  flower  again  in  autumn ;  not 
being  fully  double,  it  produced  an  abundance  of  seed, 
from  which  varieties  were  obtained  that  bloomed 
freely  the  whole  season.  The  only  roses  known  on 
the  island,  were  the  common  China,  and  the  Red- 
four-seasons,  till  about  the  year  1816,  when  a  Mon- 
sieur Perichon  was  planting  a  hedge  of  these,  among 
his  plants  found  one  very  different  from  the  others  in 
its  shoots  and  leaves,  which  induced  him  to  plant  it 
in  his  garden,  where  it  was  discovered  by  a  French 


136         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

botanist,  and  sent  home  in  1822  to  Monsieur  Jacques, 
then  gardener  at  the  Chateau  de  Neuilly ;  this  accounts 
for  the  name  of  "Bourbon  Jacques,"  frequently  given 
by  English  growers  to  the  common  Bourbon  Rose. 
It  was  introduced  to  this  country,  in  1828,  by  the  late 
Mr.  Thomas  Hibbert,  whose  name  will  always  be 
associated  in  the  memory  of  many  with  rose  culture. 
This  association  of  ideas,  connected  with  a  particular 
subject,  often  flashes  on  the  mind  with  the  vividness  of 
a  sunbeam.  The  first  perfect  specimen  1  ever  saw  of 
this  rose,  was  in  the  possession  of  that  cultivator,  and 
although  it  is  now  over  twenty  years  ago,  thp  spot, 
thee  ompany,  the  remarks,  the  very  words,  all  occur 
to  me  most  forcibly  whenever  this  rose  is  introduced  ; 
"thus  thought  follows  thought,  according  to  the  order 
in  which  object  and  events  are  related  to  each  other." 
The  perpetuity  of  bloom,  and  the  hardy  nature  of  the 
Bourbon  Rose  fills  up  a  chasm  that  had  long  been  de- 
plored by  amateurs  and  cultivators  in  northern  lati- 
tudes. They  are  decidedly  more  robust,  and  with- 
stand a  greater  degree  of  cold  than  either  the  Noisette, 
Tea,  or  Bengal  roses.  It  is  now  our  impression,  that 
in  a  few  years,  these  with  the  "Remontante"  family, 
will  be  the  only  roses  cultivated  in  all  the  states  north 
of  Virginia  ;  and  there  is  no  reason  why,  in  time, 
there  should  not  be  among  them  specimens  exhibiting 
all  the  distinctive  varieties  disseminated  amons  other 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.        137 


groups,  such  as  mossy,  striped,  spotted,  mottled,  not 
excepting  a  yellow  colour  in  its  brightest  shade. 
The  constant  improvement  on  this  division  of  the  rose 
is  exceedingly  interesting,  many  of  them  far  surpass- 
ing those  of  ten  years  standing.  Since  our  last  addi- 
tion brilliancy  of  colour  has  predominated  in  the  new 
sorts  surpassing  any  previously  observed,  combining 
size,  delicacy  and  fragrance ;  though  it  must  be  ob- 
served that  the  pale  colours  of  this  family  have  gener- 
ally the  least  fragrance.  In  those  now  described, 
every  colour  will  be  found,  from  nearly  pure  white  to 
dark  crimson  purple. 

Jlcidalie  has  been  in  cultivation  several  years,  but 
is  only  now  coming  into  notice  for  its  distinct  pale 
rose- white  colour  j  the  flower  is  perfect  in  form,  large, 
and  a  little  fragrant  j  the  plant  is  quite  hardy,  and 
grows  well.  Jlmeniade^  bright  rose  i»^hen  first  open, 
fading  to  paler,  very  perfect  form,  strong  grower, 
blooming  in  large  clusters.  Augustine  Lelieur  pos- 
sesses considerable  fragrance,  is  of  a  rosy-purple  co- 
lour, full,  round,  well  formed,  and  is  a  strong  grower, 
but  does  not  open  well  in  the  early  part  of  the  season. 
Amourette  is  a  pale  flesh-coloured  variety,  with  flowers 
very  perfect  and  distinct  j  though  smaller  than  many 
others,  it  is  very  profuse.  Amarantine^  bright  car- 
mine, large  flower,  fully  double  j  of  medium  growth. 
Beluze,  or  Anne  Beluze,  pale  waxy  blush,  very  per- 
12* 


138        ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

feet  in  form,  a  distinct  article.  Bouquet  de  Flore  is  a 
great  favourite,  and  though  it  has  been  cultivated 
some  years,  is  yet  quite  scarce  ;  the  flowers  are  very 
large,  perfectly  double,  with  large  round  firm  petals, 
blooming  very  profusely.  It  possesses  considerable 
fragrance,  is  a  strong  grower,  and  quite  hardy.  Cai'- 
dinal  Fesck,  flowers  of  crimson  colour,  medium  size, 
but  produced  in  profusion,  quite  double  and  distinct, 
not  to  be  mistaken.  Cellmene  grows  with  vigour  ; 
the  shoots  are  densely  studded  with  strong  prickles ; 
flowers  of  a  delicate  rose  colour,  medium  size,  and 
fully  double.  Charles  Souchet  dark  rosy  violet 
changing  to  crimson,  quite  large,  full,  cup  form,  per- 
fect. Cornice  de  Seine  et  Marne^  very  bright  crimson, 
shell  formed  petals,  very  double,  blooms  in  clusters. 
Comte  de  Rambuteau^  very  changeable  rosy  crimson, 
large  full  flower  of  an  irregular  form.  Charlemagne 
of  a  pale  changeable  colour,  flowers  produced  in 
large  clusters — plant  of  strong  growth,  as  yet  quite 
scarce.  Comte  de  J^anteuil^  plant  of  dwarf  growth,  pro- 
ducing its  flowers  of  a  rosy  purple  colour  in  clusters  ; 
very  double.  Deuil  du  due  d^Orleans,  very  dark  crim- 
son flowers  under  medium  size,  very  double ;  plant 
of  slow  growth,  quite  distinct,  as  yet  quite  rare.  Com- 
tesse  de  Resseguire  ;  this  rose,  so  brilliantly  heralded, 
is  far  eclipsed  by  several  of  the  same  colour,  a  pale 
waxy  blush  fading  to  creamy  white.     Degasches^  cup 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         139 

form,  bright   rose   colour,   in  large   clusters  of  strong 
growth,   and   a   free   bloomer.     Dumont  de    Courset, 
dark    rosy  carmine,  cup  form,   changeable.     Doctor 
Roques,  or    Crimson   Globe,  of  the   English,  is    of  ro- 
bust habit,  makes  an  elegant  standard  ;  the  flowers  are 
globular,  finely  formed,  of  a  rich  dark  crimson  colour, 
the   plant   perfectly  distinct,  and   when  once   seen  it 
cannot  be  mistaken.     D'^Yehles  grows  very  like  the 
old  Madam  Desprez,   but  the  flowers  are  of  a  much 
brighter  colour,  the  foliage  very  large,  and  the  plant 
quite    strong.     Dupetit   Thouars,   dark   crimson,    full 
cupped  flowers  in  clusters,  a  free  bloomer.     Edward 
Desfossi,  colour  waxy  blush  inclining  to  fawn  ;  flow- 
ers perfectly  imbricated,  produced  very  abundantly  j 
plants  of  medium  growth.     Enfant  d\ijaccio  of  Vi- 
bert,  is  the  very  same  as  Souvenir  d^Anselme  of  some 
other  growers.    It  is  in  our  opinion  the  very  best  of  the 
scarlet  Bourbon  Roses,  either  for  growth,  profusion,  or 
fragrance,   and  is  evidently  a  seedling  from  Gloire  de 
Rosemene,  being  of  the  same  colour  and  habit,  with 
very  perfect  double  flowers ;  it   is  a  glowing  pillar 
rose.     Emilie  Courtier  does  not  appear  to  open  freely 
till  after  July,   when  it  shows  its   fine   rose-coloured 
fragrant  flowers  in  great  perfection.     Fedora,  bright 
crimson,  perfectly  double,  a  strong  grower,  and  will 
yet  proVe  to  be  a  fine  pillar  rose.     General  Duhourg, 
when  well  grown,  produces  its  large  pale  rose-colour- 


14-0         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

ed  flowers  in  great  clusters,  highly  fragrant,  giving  a 
profuse  autumnal  blooming ;  it  is  a  strong  grower, 
and  makes  a  fine  pillar  variety.  Gloire  de  Rosamene, 
the  flowers  are  nearly  bright  scarlet,  produced  in  large 
clusters,  but  are  not  fully  double,  of  rampant  growth, 
making  a  fine  pillar  plant,  very  conspicuous  in  the 
distance,  clothed  with  large  foliage  from  bottom  to 
top.  George  Cuvier,  pale  rose,  finely  formed,  medium 
growth,  a  free  bloomer.  General  Oudinot,  flowers 
crimson,  fully  double;  plant  of  good  habit,  and  will 
prove  I  think  a  very  desirable  sort.  Gloire  de  Paris, 
deep  crimson,  large  cupped  flower,  a  very  profuse 
bloomer.  Henry  Clay  (Raabe,)  pale  blush,  strong 
growth,  perfect  form,  very  distinct.  Henry  Clay, 
(Boll,)  large  brilliant  carmine,  fully  double,  in  large 
clusters,  a  strong  grower,  and  a  splendid  variety, 
blooming  profusely  the  whole  season.  Hersilie,  rosy 
pink,  distinct  colour,  large  flower,  cupped  and  fully 
double,  a  free  bloomer.  Hennequiii,  in  growth,  equal 
to  Madam  Desprez,  and  very  much  of  its  habit,  flow- 
ering in  immense  clusters  of  rosy  crimson  flowers. 
When  on  its  own  roots,  in  rich  light  ground,  it  will 
grow  to  any  size.  Hermosa,  or  Arraosa,  of  some,  an 
old  variety  and  still  a  favourite ;  the  flowers  are  of 
the  most  exquisite  form,  perfectly  cupped  ;  medium 
size,  in  profusion  of  a  pale  rose-colour.  It  is-  a  dwarf 
grower,  and   makes  a  fine  bush  or  standard ;  it  also 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         141 

does  well  in  the  green-house.  Henry  Planner  is  a 
popular  variety,  producing  a  profusion  of  deep  rose- 
coloured  flowers  of  medium  size ;  a  free  grower. 
Julie  de  Fontenelle^  a  decided  acquisition,  very  per- 
fectly formed,  large  deep  red  flowers,  quite  fragrant, 
of  a  strong  growth,  blooming  freely.  Jupiter  or  Star 
of  Jupiter^  bright  rosy  red,  perfect  form,  plant  of 
medium  growth.  There  is  a  variety  circulating  un- 
der that  name  of  a  blush  colour,  and  very  likely  to 
be  Noisette  Monstrosa.  Lavinie  d'Ost^  habit  of  Mad- 
am Desprez,  flowers  of  a  pale  blush  colour,  very  like 
many  of  the  others  except  in  name.  Leveson  Gower, 
in  size  and  form  very  similar  to  Souvenir  de  Malmai- 
son  ;  colour  rosy  red  ;  plant  does  not  do  for  forcing 
as  it  is  very  subject  to  mildew.  In  the  south  it  is  of 
very  strong  growth  and  splendid,  vieing  with  its  rival 
in  brighter  colour.  Ladi/  Canning,  pale  rose  colour, 
rather  small  flowers,  quite  double,  blooming  in  clusters* 
Le  Grenadier,  dark,  crimson,  of  strong  habit,  very 
perfect  flowers,  and  will  form  a  fine  pillar  variety 
La  Fhcenix,  a  bright  red,  with  flowers  beautifully 
imbricated  to  the  very  centre.  Its  habits  is  sim- 
ilar to  Hermosa.  Madam  Jlude,  of  a  bright  rose 
colour,  with  finely  formed  flowers  ;  it  grows  vigor- 
ously, and  will  make  a  goocl  pillar  plant.  Madam 
Desprez;  it  is  eighteen  years  since  I  first  imported 
his    rose,    together   with    Aimee  Vibert,   Lamarque, 


142        ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

Jaune  Desprez,  and  some  others  of  equal  celebrity ; 
they  will  maintain  their  character  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century  to  come,  and  should  be  in  every  garden  be- 
tween this  and  Nachitoches.  This  rose  originated 
with  Monsieur  Desprez,  a  distinguished  French  ama- 
teur; it  is  considerably  hybridized  with  the  Noisette, 
and  like  that  variety  produces  its  bright  rose-coloured 
flowers  in  immense  clusters  j  from  thirty  to  seventy 
bloom  in  each  when  the  plant  is  fully  established,* 
the  foliage  is  a  rich  green,  strong  and  handsome. 
JIadam  Angelina^  very  perfect,  pale  creamy  blush, 
nearly  the  colour  of  the  Queen,  medium  growth,  a 
free  bloomer  and  makes  a  fine  standard.  Madam 
Lackarme,  very  perfect,  rose  white  flower,  quite  full, 
in  large  clusters,  growing  and  blooming  freely.  Ma- 
dam Xtrard  is  of  a  waxy  blush  or  fawn  colour  j  this 
new  variety  is  as  perfect  as  any  of  the  family,  and 
will  be  a  great  favourite.  Madam  SoucAet,  another 
blush  variety  of  elegant  form  shading  to  pink,  very 
pretty.  Manteau  de  Jeanne  d'Jlrc;  this  and  Reine 
du  Congres  have  a  great  resemblance  to  each  other 
in  colour,  though  different  in  habit,  both  waxy  pale 
blush,  and  though  described  as  "tinted  with  rose," 
all' blush  roses  become  tinted  after  being  full  blown. 
Mrs.  Bosanquety  as  intimated  in  our  first  edition,  has 
been  placed  among  the  Bourbons;  it  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  of  roses;  full  cup-form,  large  pale  blush, 


EOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         143 

flowers,  growing  freely;  a  plant  in  this  vicinity  is 
twenty-fiTe  feet  high  and  fifteen  wide.  Mrs.  Lane, 
bright  rose  colour,  flower  above  medium  size,  plant 
of  free  growth.  Madam  JWumann^  Le  Brun^  Gloire 
de  France,  or  the  Monthly  Cabbage,  appear  to  be  one 
and  the  same  rose.  I  have  repeatedly  gone  from 
plant  to  plant,  and  compared  flower  with  flower,  but 
could  come  to  no  other  conclusion;  when  Le  Brun 
appeared  with  so  fine  a  character,  about  eight  years 
ago,  I  tried  to  persuade  myself  it  was  a  new  rose,  but 
in  vain ;  if  they  are  not  one  and  the  same,  they  are  at 
least  perfectly  similar,  producing  fine  large  deep  rose- 
coloured  flowers  of  exquisite  fragrance,  but  do  not 
open  well  in  the  early  part  of  the  season,  or  during 
wet  weather ;  they  are  of  strong  growth,  requiring 
very  rich  soil.  Marechal  de  Villars  is  a  very  distinct 
rose,  with  bright  rosy-purple  flowers,  very  compact, 
blooming  profusely  in  either  wet  or  dry  soils ;  it  is  a 
good  grower,  and  will  always  reward  the  care  be- 
stowed upon  it ;  it  will  grow  either  as  a  bush  or  pillar 
rose.  J^adiska,  bright  rosy  red,  pretty  colour,  plant 
of  medium  growth,  blooming  in  clusters.  Paul  Joseph 
is  a  scarce  variety,  of  a  brilliant  crimson  colour,  rich 
dark  foliage.  Pierre  de  St.  Cyre,  a  very  perfectly 
formed  pale  rose-coloured  flower,  blooming  profusely 
in  clusters,  plant  of  strong  habit.  Phillipar  is  of 
a  beautiful  peach-blossom   colour;  the  plant   grows 


144?         EOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

rapidly  when  well  established,  producing  very  large 
clusters  of  flowers,  rather  under  medium  size,  but  in 
profusion,  forming  a  handsome  pillar  plant.  Pourpre 
Fafait,  a  small  flower  in  profuse  clusters,  of  a  deep 
crimson  colour.  Prince  of  Salem,  bright  rosy-violet, 
very  double,  opens  most  freely  in  warm  weather. 
Peine  des  Verges  is  rather  a  fine  variet}'^,  of  perfect 
cup-form,  delicate  creamy  blush,  an  abundant  bloomer. 
Proserpine,  violet  purple,  the  flowers  are  large  and 
well  formed.  Peine  des  lies  de  Bourbon,  or  the  Queen 
of  the  Bourbons,  has  been  admired  ever  since  it  made 
its  appearance  in  the  family;  at  first  it  was'thought 
to  be  a  Bengal.  The  colour  is  a  beautiful  waxy 
blush,  with  petals  perfectly  formed,  bold,  and  cup- 
shaped  ;  a  half-blown  rose  from  this  plant  is  loveli- 
ness itself;  the  plant  is  rather  dwarf  in  habit,  but  in 
a  proper  climate  and  genial  soil,  will  grow  as  high  as 
desired.  Remond,  bright  carmine,  flower  fully  double, 
of  medium  size,  plant  of  low  growth.  Souchet,  bright 
crimson,  perfect  cup-form,  large  flower,  plant  of  me- 
dium growth.  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  is  of  a  deli- 
cate blush,  flower  very  large,  perfect  form,  blooming, 
when  well  grown,  in  clusters,  making  it  very  conspi- 
cuous, forces  freely,  and  is  one  of  the  m^ost  splendid  of 
the  Bourbon  Roses.  Souvenir  de  Dumont  d''Urville^ 
bright  red,  fading  to  dark  crimson,  globular  form, 
quite  double,  blooming  freely.     Sully,  very  brilliant 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         145 

crimson  of  good  form,  blooming  in  clusters,  plant  of 
full  foliage  and  rather  free  growth,  makes  a  handsome 
dwarf  standard.  Thtrtse  Margate  or  Madam  Margate 
approaches  "Phcenix,"  though  perhaps  not  so  bright; 
the  flowers  are  beautifully  cupped,  quite  double,  and 
fragrant;  it  is  of  strong  growth.  Thtrtsita  is  of  a 
bright  rose  colour,  perfectly  double,  very  distinct 
from  any  other  sort,  in  its  bushy  growth  and  profu- 
sion of  bloom.  Triomphe  de  la  Duc/icre^  a  free  grow- 
ing pillar  plant,  producing  a  profusion  of  rosy  blush- 
coloured  flowers,  a  decided,  distinct  and  desirable 
variety.  Violet  de  Belgique  is  one  of  the  most  fra- 
grant of  the  famih^,  having  all  the  agreeable  odour  of 
the  Damask  Rose;  the  flowers  are  rosy  purple  of  noble 
form,  large,  and  double. 

There  are  several  others  in  this  most  interesting 
family  well  deserving  notice,  and  even  very  desirable 
where  a  full  collection  is  grown,  although  it  must  be 
confessed  that  there  exists  in  this  tribe,  great  confu- 
sion in  regard  to  nam.e,  and  there  are  many  instances 
of  the  same  article  passing  under  different  names  in 
different  collections.  Some  of  these  errors  have  origi- 
nated in  this  country,  unintentionally,  I  presume ; 
others  have  been  committed  in  France,  in  sending 
out  the  article  not  true  to  name.  It  must  also  be 
conceded  that   our  English  brethren  have  their  full 

share  in  these  practices ;  and  with  their  host  of  syno- 
13 


146         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

nymes  (to  give  them  no  harsher  name)  completely 
blindfold  us.  Under  their  "Crimson  Globe"  we  dis- 
covered our  friend  "Or.  Eoques;"  and  under  their 
crimson  "Madam  Desprez,"  or  "Splendens,"  we  see 
our  "Hennequin."  The  public  have  frowned  down 
those  practices  the  past  few  years.  Certainly  no 
reputable  establishment  ever  was  guilty  of  it.  The 
history  of  Roses  is  now  so  generally  known,  that  the 
mind  w^ould  be  very  vitiated  to  lay  hold  on  any  sub- 
terfuge when  bright  honour  is  so  liberally  patronized. 
There  are  also  some  recent  additions,  only  know^n  by 
name,  with  whose  colour  and  character  we  have  yet 
to  be  acquainted.  Among  them  we  have  not  a  pure 
white,  nor  a  striped;  till  such  are  obtained,  this  finest 
family  of  the  Rose  is  incomplete.  The  Bourbons, 
generally,  make  fine  standard  plants,  cither  on  low 
or  high  stems;  as  they  are  nearly  all  of  strong  growth, 
and  produce  a  constant  succession  of  bloom  the  whole 
season,  they  require  to  be  highly  nourished,  either 
with  rich  soils,  or  copious  waterings  with  liquid  ma- 
nure. If  on  standards,  the  tops  of  them  will  be 
benefitted  if  protected  as  advised  for  Tea  and  Bengal 
roses;  or  the  whole  plant  may  be  removed  to  a  shaded 
situation,  where,  after  sheltering  them,  lay  them  in 
by  the  heels,  and  cover  them  with  boards;  when 
spring  opens  prune  them,  close,  and  plant  them  where 
desired,  in  fresh  prepared  soil.     This  removal  is  even 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         147 

beneficial  to  them,  for  it  is  well  known  to  all  growers 
that  the  Rose  is  improved  by  a  change  of  soil,  unless 
it  be  in  those  deep  alluvial  soils  that  have  never  been 
cultivated ;  in  such  the  roots  run  yearly  in  quest  of, 
and  obtain,  genial  nourishment  for  any  length  of  time. 
But  in  the  eastern  and  northern  states,  it  is  absolutely 
necessary  to  lift  the  plants  that  are  budded,  and  place 
them  under  protection.  Those  grown  on  their  own 
roots  may  be  well  surrounded  with  dry  leaves,  which 
will  protect  them  from  the  sudden  changes  of  our 
winter  season,  in  latitudes  north  of  this;  and  even  if 
their  tops  be  destroyed,  they  will  push  vigorously 
fi-om  the  roots,  and  produce  their  flowers  in  full  per- 
fection. They  should  not  be  allowed  to  go  to  seed  ; 
remove  the  flower  stems  as  soon  as  they  are  faded  j 
it  increases  the  reproduction  of  bloom. 


ke:montaxtes, 

OR    HYBRID    PERPETUAL    ROSE. 

This  is  a  new  tribe,  that  has  originated  within 
fifteen  years,  between  the  Perpetual  and  Bourbon 
Roses,  possessing  the  beauty  and  fragrance  of  the 
former  with  the   growth  and  foliage  of  the   latter  j 


148         ROSES    TH^T    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

they  produce  an  abundance  of  flowers  from  June  to 
November  J*  they  open  a  field  of  pleasure  to  the 
northern  grower  and  amateur,  which  had  hitherto 
been  reserved  only  to  the  rose  fanciers  of  more 
favoured  climes.  They  are  equally  as  hardy  as  the 
common  garden  rose ;  and  by  careftd  cultivation, 
good  soil,  frequent  waterings  in  dry  weather,  de- 
priving them  of  all  faded  flower-stems,  they  will 
show  flowers  the  whole  season  till  destroyed  by  frost. 
Their  general  habit  is  robust  and  vigorous  to  a  re- 
markable degree;  their  flowers  large,  perfect,  fragrant, 
and  of  almost  every  colour.  We  cannot  give  any 
idea  of  the  beauty  they  may  attain  to  in  the  southern 
states,  where  the  soil  is  so  genial  to  their  culture,  but 
they  cannot  fail  to  grow  and  flower  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  most  fastidious  taste.  We  cannot  fully  depend 
upon  the  very  flattering,  if  not  extravagant,  descrip- 


*  The  high  expectations  formed  of  this  new  division  of  the 
Rose  have  not,  and  will  not  be  fully  realized;  they  are  defi- 
cient in  a  general  and  constant  inflorescence,  even  with  the 
richest  culture  and  best  of  practice.  Cutting  back  exuberant 
shoots  in  early  summer  does  not  always  give  bloom  late  in  the 
season.  We  say  without  fear  that  one-half  of  the  varieties 
will  not  give  a  bloom  in  September  and  October,  and  those 
that  do  flower  are  far  from  being  profuse.  They  require  to 
have  more  of  the  best  of  the  Bourbon  Roses  in  their  compo- 
sition to  suit  the  choice  amateur. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE   WHOLE    SEASON.  149 


tions  of  many  roses  emanating  from  growers  in  every 
country.  The  beauties  of  the  child  are  most  evident 
to  the  parent ;  so  with  the  rose ;  though  its  charms  are 
sweet  to  all,  yet  they  are  sweeter  to  him  whose  foster- 
ing hand  has  raised  it  from  seed.  To  obtain  a  new 
variety,  meriting  extra  notice,  in  this  improving  age, 
is  no  paltry  affair  j  and  many,  like  "Queen  Victoria," 
are  named  before  their  merit  has  been  fully  tested, 
and  sent  out  to  the  floricultural  world,  as  it  were,  on 
trial.  But  we  will  mention  only  those  in  which  there 
need  be  no  fear  of  disappointment.  Aricie]  bright 
rose,  fine  cup-form,  large,  and  very  fragrant.  Augus- 
tine Mouchelet,  bright  violet  crimson,  of  rapid  growth, 
but  not  a  very  constant  bloomer.  Auhernon  is  an 
excellent  bloomer,  even  to  profusion,  with  perfect 
bright,  rosy,  carmine  flov/ers.  Baronne  Halley,  a  new 
rose  of  very  bright  carmine  colour,  flower  large,  per-' 
feet  cup-form,  plant  of  good  growth.  Baro?i?ie  Pre- 
vost,  flowers  bright  rose  of  extremely  large  size,  plant 
of  free  growth,  foliage  large,  very  superb.  Blanche 
Lamouroux,  of  exceeding  free  growth,  producing  its 
bright  rosy  cupped  flowers  in  terminal  clusters.  Caro- 
line  de  Sansal,  delicate  rosy  pink,  flower  large  and 
perfectly  double,  quite  a  rare  variety.  Clementine 
Duval  has  much  the  character  of  a  Bourbon,  even  to 
its  dwarfness;  the  flowers  are  quite  perfect,  of  a  bright 
pink  colour.  Comte  d^Eu,  a  distinct  dwarf,  with 
13* 


150         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

bright  carmine  flowers,  fully  double.  Comtesse  Dii- 
chatel  cost  me  twenty-live  francs,  and  is  not  worth 
half  that  sum,  though  a  good  variety,  with  finely 
cupped  flowers,  of  a  deep  rose  colour.  Comtesse 
Jaubert,  pale  pink  with  thick  waxy  petals  of  strong 
growth.  Coquette  de  Meudon,  bright  rosy  carmine 
inclining  to  crimson  in  the  autumn,  flower  expanded 
and  double.  Cymedor,  of  a  peculiar  scarlet  crimson 
colour,  which  the  French  call  "Couleur  de  Giroflee," 
the  flower  fully  double,  and  plant  of  excellent  habit. 
Comtesse  Mole,  delicate  rosy-blush,  crown  form,  dis- 
tinct colour,  fragrant.  Comte  de  Paris  has  magnifN 
cent  large  rosy-purple  flow^ers,  perfect  in  form,  W'ith  a 
delicate  fragrance,  blooming  superbly  through  the  fall 
months.  Docteur  Arnal^  flower  bright  rose,  rather 
under  medium  size,  of  cup-form,  Docteur  Marx  has 
flowers  of  a  crimson-violet  colour,  and  perfect,  grow- 
ing freely.  Dr.  Marjolin,  bright  red,  beautiful  cup- 
form,  a  free  bloomer,  very  fragrant.  Due  d'' Aumah 
is  a  pale  crimson  rose,  a  strong  grower  and  free 
bloomer.  Duchesse  de  JVemo2irs,  bright  rose,  very 
perfect  form,  blooming  freely.  Duchesse  de  Praslin, 
blush,  pink  centre,  flowering  in  clusters,  foliage  pale 
green,  plant  of  good  growth.  Duchesse  de  Sutherland 
is  not  so  constant  a  bloomer  as  some  others,  but  for 
rapid  growth  it  has  few  equals  among  the  tribe,  and 
its  very  double  flesh-coloured  flow-ers  are  quite  beau- 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  151 

tifiil.  Edouard  Jesse  has  been  a  favourite  with  us 
these  five  years,  and  is  still  admired  for  the  beautiful 
flowers,  of  a  bright  red  circled  by  a  pale  tint,  delight- 
fully fragrant.  Emma  Dampiere  and  Fidoulme  are 
both  superior  varieties,  of  a  dark  rose  colour.  Fulgorie, 
rosy  crimson,  very  large  and  perfect,  producing  its 
flowers  in  clusters  like  the  old  Monthly  Cabbage,  the 
wood  is  very  strong  and  thickly  studded  with  prickles. 
General  Cavaig?iac^  bright  rose,  cup-form,  flower  large, 
plant  of  strong  growth.  General  ^Yegrier,  beautiful 
clear  rose  colour,  very  perfect  form,  a  new  and  scarce 
sort.  Giant  of  the  Battle,  or  Ge  mt  des  Batailles,  a 
very  decided  improvement  on  the  habit  and  colour  of 
this  fam.ily  of  the  rose,  possessing  more  of^  the  Bourbon 
than  any  of  its  congeners,  colour  bright  scarlet  crim- 
son, flower  cup-form,  blooming  profusely  the  whole 
season,  foliage  bright  green,  plant  of  medium  growth, 
very  desirable.  Guilhert  Slater,  rosy  violet,  cup-form, 
free  growth.  Henri  Fourth,  rosy  pink  inclining  to 
carmine,  imbricated  flower,  strong  foliage.  Jacques 
Lajitte,  flower  above  medium  size,  of  a  rosy  carmine 
colour,  a  constant  and  profuse  bloomer.  Lane,  bright 
red,  perfectly  formed,  a  constant  bloomer,  quite  fra- 
grant. Leonie  Verger,  flowers  carmine,  under  medium 
size,  but  in  great  profusion,  very  distinct.  Leonore 
d''Este,  colour  rosy  pink,  edged  with  pale  blush,  per- 
fectly double    and   distinct.     Lady  Fordwich  grows 


152         EOSES    THAT    BLOOX    THE    vrHOLE-   SEASON. 


freely,  and  produces  the  whole  season  a  profusion 
of  perfectly  double  flowers,  of  a  rosy-pink  colour, 
with  the  odo'jr  of  the  Damask  Rose.  Laily  Peel^ 
deep  rosy-pink  colour,  lovely  cup-form,  very  double 
and  quite  sweet  scented.  La  Rei?ie,  one  of  the 
most  superb  of  the  group,  flowers  of  the  largest 
size,  colour  rosy  lilac,  perfect  cup  or  bowl  form, 
a  strono;  grower,  fras^rant.     Madam  Dememe  is  of  a 

DO  '  ~ 

rich  rose  colour,  very  large,  flower  cup-form,  quite 
fragrant,  a  strong  grower,  wath  very  rich  foliage. 
Marquise  Boccella,  quite  a  favourite,  being  a  distinct 
dwarf  variety,  with  pale  silvery  blush  flowers,  very 
double,  blooming  freely  the  whole  season.  Louis 
Bonaparte  has  immense  rosy-lilac  flowers,  fully  dou- 
ble, always  perfect,  growing  with  great  luxuriance, 
and  makes  a  splendid  plant.  Madam  Laffay  has 
large,  double,  exquisitely  formed  flowers  of  a  rich 
rosy-crimson  colour,  with  the  delightful  fragrance  of 
the  Cabbaore  Kose.  It  orio-inated  with  Monsieur 
Laff'ay,  a  celebrated  rose-grower  near  Paris,  who  ded- 
icated it  to  his  wife.  Madam  Lamoriciere.  brio-ht 
waxy-pink,  cupped  flower,  a  very  beautiful  new  vari- 
ety. Madam  Peupin,  delicate  pink  colour,  very 
double ;  the  backs  of  the  petals  are  blush,  w^hich 
when  opening  gives  it  a  very  distinctive  character. 
Joasine  Hauet,  a  bright  rosy  red,  flowers  in  clusters, 
very  profuse  during  the  early  part  of  the  season,  of  free 


KOSES    THAT    BL003I    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         153 

growth,  quite  fragrant.  Mareckal  Soult  is  another 
charming  variety,  of  a  bright  rosy-purple  colour,  very 
double,  imbricated,  and  fragrant.  Marqvis  of  j9ilsa, 
rich  rosy-crimson,  full  flower,  and  a  strong  grower. 
Melanie  Cornu^  deep  crimson,  fully  double,  a  free 
bloomer  in  the  early  part  of  the  season.  Mistress 
Elliott^  large  rosy-lilac,  blooming  freely,  and  grow- 
ing vigorousl}^  Pius  the  J\l?ith,  bright  crlmt-on, 
fully  imbricated  ;  a  very  abundant  bloomer ;  as  yet 
scarce;  quite  fragrant.  Pompo/i  Je  Ste.  MadogonJey 
bright  rosy-violet  colour ;  flower  under*  medium  size  ; 
plant  of  dwarf  habit.  Prince  of  Wales,  rosy-lilac,  in 
large  clusters,  growing  freely,  a  good  bloomer.  Frin- 
cesse  Helcne,  a  beautiful  deep  rosy-red  globular  flower, 
possessing  an  agreeable  fragrance,  and  blooms  freeh'. 
Prince  JHherfs,  magnificent  rich  crimson  flowers  are 
very  grand,  being  of  the  most  perfect  cup-form,  incli- 
ning to  globular  ;  it  grows  strongly,  and  is  very  fra- 
grant. Peine  des  Fleurs,  large  rosy-lilac  flower,  very 
double,  shading  paler  to  the  extremity  of  the  petals ; 
plant  of  good  growth.  Reine  de  la  GuillQiiire,  bright 
rosy-violet,  a  very  decided  variety,  of  a  line  cupped 
shape,  fragrant  and  blooming  in  noble  clusters.  Ri- 
vers has  large  flowers,  in  clusters,  of  brilliant  crimson 
inclining  to  scarlet ;  very  fragrant,  and  a  great  fa- 
vourite. Robi?i  Hood,  bright  cherry-red,  globular, 
very  double,  a  free  bloomer  ;  plant  of  medium  growth. 


151         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

Standard  of  Marengo^  very  rich  deep  velvety-crimson, 
quite  a  showy  flower  of  medium  size.  Sydonie^  rich 
rosy- pink,  -fading  to  the  extremity  of  the  petals  ; 
plant  of  dense  foliage.  Youlande  d\'lrragon^  pale 
rosy  blush,  very  distinct,  quite  desirable  in  the  family 
among  so  many  of  a  uniform  rosy-red  colour ;  it 
blooms  profusely,  m.akes  shoots  four  to  six  ie<^i  long, 
and  will  form  a  fine  pillar  plant.  These  varieties 
have  all  flowered  under  our  observation,  and  are  great 
acquisitions  to  the  lover  of  the  rose.  From  these  de- 
scriptions, it  will  be  observed  that  this  group  is  yet 
deficient  in  flowers  of  a  pale  or  white  colour,  which 
for  the  present  is  certainly  a  defect.  Blanche  was 
sent  to  us  by  \'ibert  as  a  white  variety  of  this  class, 
which  we  found  on  its  culture  to  h^elong  to  the  Per- 
petuals  ;  so  that  we  are  yet  without  a  white  flower  in 
ti.is  very  interesting  division  of  the  rose.  With  the 
great  facilities  for  propagating,  and  the  many  hands 
applied  to  it,  no  rose  can  be,  for  an}^  length  of  time, 
a  rarity  about  Philadelphia.  But  no  doubt  there  will 
be  many  discrepancies  when  tested  by  an  eye  that 
gives  merit  precedence  over  rarity. 

This  very  magnificent  class  of  the  rose  family  can- 
not be  too  extensively  cultivated  ;  many  of  them  are 
U'i^  bloomers  j  but  to  have  them  in  full  perfection, 
they  should  be  deprived  of  a  great  portion  of  their 
first  blooming  buds,   and  have  a  few  of  their  shoots 


KOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         155 

cut  back.  Indeed,  the  principal  part  of  their  first 
buds  can  easily  be  dispensed  with  ;  for  it  is  then  the 
rosy  season  ;  the  great  aim  of  the  fancier  and  cultiva- 
tor is  to  extend  that  season,  which,  with  the  above 
sacrifice,  is  at  once  accomplished.  TLese  plants, 
whose  luxuriance  and  immense  flowers  have  been  the 
result  of  hybridizing  and  exciting  culture,  deserve  all 
care  that  can  be  bestowed  upon  them.  Every  encour- 
agement must  be  given  to  promote  the  growth  ot  the 
plant,  which  is  best  done  in  the  winter  season,  by 
composts  and  manures,  or  in  the  summer  by  rich  wat- 
erings ;  these  waterings  should  not  be  given  oftei.er 
than  once  a  week.  As  these  roses  are  yet  quite  scarce 
on  their  own  roots,  we  have  introduced  a  standard 
rose,  at  pnge  86,  to  show  their  beauty  and  the  effect 
they  have.  When  trained  in  that  way  they  are  gems 
in  the  parterre — regular  nosegays  elevated  to  a  con- 
venient distance  to  enjoy  all  their  beauty  and  frag- 
rance. When  there  are  mossy,  yellow,  and  striped 
roses  in  this  family,  rose  culture  will  have  approached 
its  climax. 


156  EOSES    THAT    BLOO.AI    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 


PERPETUAL    DAMASK    ROSES. 

Tv,'ENTY-FivE  ycars  ago,  this  division  of  the  Kose 
was  known  only  to  a  veiT  limited  extent,  not  going 
beyond  the  old  JMonllihj  Damask  and  the  Portland — 
the  t\pes  of  the  group,  which  in  that  short  period 
have  become  so  extensive,  and  varied  in  colour  and 
character,  that  the  parentage  of  many  is  difficult  to 
point  out.  But  unfortunately  there  are  those  that 
pass  for  perpetualy  which,  with  all  our  art,  we  cannot 
cause  to  produce  even  a  second  blooming  in  the  sea- 
son, except  by  demolishing  all  the  buds  they  form  in 
June  to  make  them  flower  in  September.  Many  of 
them  have  another  feature  of  obstinacy,  and  this  is, 
that  in  rooting  by  layers,  they  nearly  all  t;  ke  two 
years  lo  form  rootlets;  we  have,  in  consequence, 
either  to  graft  or  bud  them  on  other  roses  at  any 
desired  height.  Several  of  them  were  brought  into 
notice  before  the  famous  Bourbon  Roses,  and  were 
looked  upon  as  the  ne  pins  ultra  of  the  Kosary.  The 
perfection  and  beauty  of  many  of  their  flowers  can- 
not be  denied,  and  their  stiffness  of  habit  is  not 
unpleasant  when  properly  placed.  The  best  form 
to    glow   them  is   on  standards,  from  six  inches  to 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         157 

four  feet  high.  They  are  perfectly  hardy  in  all  lati- 
tudes where  the  Damask  Eose  will  grow.  In  bleak 
situations,  where  the  thermometer  falls  frequently  be- 
low zero,  the  stems  are  greatly  benefitted  by  a  cover- 
ing of  straw  or  matting.  The  rods  that  support 
standards  should  be  put  on  the  south  side  of  the  plant ; 
the  strong  sun  is  thereby  warded  off  the  stem,  which 
is  beneficial,  both  in  summer  and  winter.  What  we 
have  said  in  regard  to  the  rich  culture  required  for 
Remontante  roses  is  equally  applicable  to  the  Per- 
petual. 

Among  the  many,  we  have  selected  those  that  are 
most  distinct,  and  such  as  have  the  greatest  tendency 
to  give  a  succession  of  bloom,  ^ntigone^  bright  rose, 
very  perfect  ]  a  profuse  and  constant  bloomer  ;  quite 
fragrant.  Blanche  Vibert,  pure  white,  imbricated  and 
fully  double,  a  constant  bloomer  ;  plant  subject  to 
mildew  in  cloudy  weather.  Anti7ious^  whose  deep 
purple-crimson  flowers  remind  us  of  some  of  our  old 
Gallica  roses ;  it  is  quite  double,  perfect,  and  fragrant. 
Bernard^  or  Perpetual  Pompom,  is  a  lovely  pink  rose, 
of  exquisite  form,  all  the  petals  being  like  so  many 
beautiful  shells  neatly  put  together  ;  it  is  very  similar 
to  Josephine  Antoinette,  but  they  are  distinct.  Billiard 
is  larger  than  the  former,  and  more  of  the  rose  colour, 
perfectly  double,  fragrant,  a  profuse  bloomer.  DK^n- 
gerSj  though  an  old  variety,  still  retains  its  character 
14 


158         KOSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

of  a  constant   bloomer,  with  large  flowers  of  a  pale 
rose  colour.     Duchesse  de  Rohan,  bright  rose,   flower 
very    large,    compact,  and   double.     Due  d^Enghien 
proves  very  desirable,   being  distinct  both  in  its  pale 
fleshy  colour,  and   in  its  character   of  growth,   and  a 
free  bloomer.     Du  Roi,  or  Lees  Crimson  ;  it  is   about 
thirty  years  since  this  famous  rose  was   grown  trom 
seed  in  the  gardens  of  one  of  the  royal  palaces  near 
Paris,  remaining  comparatively  obscure,  and  was  con- 
sidered  a  rare  article  in   England  in   1831,  where  I 
first  saw  it  growing,  carefully  surrounded  with  rods  to 
keep  its  admirers  at  a  distance.     In  1832  or  1833,  I 
imported  it  as  ihe  gem  of  the  day,  and  it  is  still  ad- 
mitted to  be  the  King  of  Perpetuals,   blooming  pro- 
fusely and  perfectly  from  June  till   Christmas  ;  the 
colour  is  bright  red,  (not  crimson,)  a  perfectly  formed 
flower,  with  all  the  fragrance  of  the  Damask  Kose  j 
and  without  any  extra  pruning,  never  fails  to  bloom 
the  whole  season, — richly  deserving  a  place  in  every 
garden.     Du  Roi  Striee  or  Striped  Crimson   Perpct- 
2ia!,   is  of  a  dark  rose   colour,  with   occasional  faint 
stripes  of  blush,   a  full  and  perfect  flower,   but  not  a 
constant  bloomer.     Elene  is  the   darkest  of  the  per- 
petuals,  of  a  fine  violet  colour,  "  la  plus  foncee  de 
Tesf  ece"— "  the  darkest  of  the  kind."     This  25  franc 
plant  is  not  so  dark,  so  fine,  nor  so  profuse  as  Pri?ice 
Albert,    which    costs    only    50    cents.     Indigo ;    this 


Roses  that  bloom  the  whole  season.        159 
•■  •     •  •  .  .1  I       V 

name  is  intended  by  the  grower  (LafTay),  to  convey 
the   required  colour.     He  has   sent  out  to    the  rose 
world  many  very  magnificent  sorts,   and  not  a   few- 
very  indifferent,  even  v/orthless  varieties.     This  indigo 
affair  has  half  double  flowers  of  a  dull  slaty  colour, 
not  worth  culture,   having   no   attraction   whatever. 
Isaure  Lablee  gives  a  beautiful  succession  of  perfectly 
delicate  pink  flowers,  very  fragrant.     Jeamie  Hachette^ 
if  not  the   most   constant,  is  the  largest   rose  of  the 
group.     I  have   measured  it  six    inches  in  diameter, 
very  double,  fragrant,  of  a  pale  rose  colour,  and  is  a 
strong  grower.     Jenny  Audio  does  well  on  its  own 
roots,  making  a  perfect  dwarf,  with  very  large  flowers 
of  a  dark  rose   colour;  but  when   budded  it   grows 
much  stronger.     Jostphine  Antoinette,  is  a  free  bloom- 
er, with  flowers  of  the   most  perfect  form,  of  a  rosy 
pink  colour,  and   delightfully  fragrant.     Lady  Sey- 
mour  is  a  new   variety,    occasionally    spotted    with 
blush,  on  a  bright  rose  ground ;  quite  fragrant,  and  of 
a  perfect  form.     La   Gigantesque,  rosy  pink,  an   ex- 
tremely large  full  flower  ;  plant  of  good  growth,  very 
fragrant.     La  Gracieuse,  or  Volumineuse^  is  very  dis- 
tinctive in  flower  and  growth ;  is  quite  thorny,  and 
grows  freely  ;  the  flowers  are  perfectly  double  of  a 
pale  rose  colour.     La   Mienne^  or  Ghire  des  Perpet- 
uelies,  is  a  free  bloomer  throughout  the  season,  with 
red  flowers,  of  exquisite  form,  and  very  sweet  scented. 


160        ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

Queen  of  Perpetuals  deserves  its  namej  its  flowers 
open  finely,  of  a  pale  rose  colour,  blooming  freely  all 
the  season,  holding  its  place  with  Du  Roi  in  every 
character.  Lodoiska  Marin  has  been  long  esteemed 
for  its  profusion  of  large  pale  flowers,  blooming  free- 
ly, quite  double,  and  in  clusters,  showing  well  in  the 
distance.  Louise  Puget^  pale  rosy  lilac,  an  excellent 
grower,  giving  a  profusion  of  bloom,  very  fragrant, 
cup-shaped.  Minerva^  [pale  rose  colour,  very  large 
flower,  with  beautiful  cupped  petals,  quite  sweet  scen- 
ted. Mogador  is  a  very  dark  crimson  variety,  fre- 
quently shaded  with  purple,  flowers  finely  rounded,  of 
cup-form.  Alenstrualis,  a  very  brilliant  rose-coloured 
variety,  with  expanded  perfectly  double  flower,  of 
strong  growth,  and  upright  habit.  Madam  Triideaux 
(Boll),  an  American  sort  of  a  dark  violet  purple 
shade,  large  imbricated  flowers  produced  in  profusion, 
and  giving  a  fine  autumnal  bloom.  Monstrueuse,  or 
Grande  Belle,  at  first  sight  would  be  taken  for  Jean  fie 
Hachette,  but  it  is  darker  in  colour,  and  is  not  so  large 
as  that  variety  ;  it  is  also  a  strong  grower,  and  will 
train  into  any  form  as  a  standard.  Olivier  de  Serves, 
centre  of  the  flower  bright  rose,  circumference  pale 
blush,  very  beautiful  and  perfect ;  foliage  luxuriant. 
Palmire,  or  Blush  Perpetual,  is  still  esteemed  as  a 
free  bloomer,  and  the  colour  is  very  desirable  in  this 
class,  which  is  very  deficient  in  lisht  colours.     Port- 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.         ]6l 

land  Blanc,  however,  is  pure  white,  a  rose  of  large 
size,  perfect  in  form,  quite  fragrant,  and  a  good  grow- 
er ;  it  is  yet  scarce,  but  a  few  seasons  will  make  it 
nearly  as  plentiful  as  any  other  variety.  Prtval  is  of 
a  pale  flesh  colour,  cup-shaped,  very  perfect,  a  profuse 
bloomer,  fragrant  and  highly  esteemed.  Prudho?mn& 
has  been  always  a  favourite  for  its  brilliancy  and  fra- 
grance, giving  a  succession  of  flowers  of  perfect  form. 
No  good  JStriped  Perpetual  Hose  has  yet  appeared. 
Quatre  Saiso?iSj  or  Monthly  Damask,  has  been  long  an 
inhabitant  of  our  gardens,  where,  when  established, 
and  well  nourished,  it  gives  a  great  profusion  of  its 
delicate  pink  flowers,  in  clusters,  the  whole  season. 
Its  fragrance,  also,  is  so  agreeable,  that  it  makes  it  a 
great  favourite  with  all.  The  Quatre  Saisons  Blanc, 
or  White  Monthly  Damask,  is  not  so  constant  a  bloom- 
er as  the  former,  rarely  putting  forth  a  succession  of 
flowers,  unless  in  very  rich  light  soil.  The  Perpetual 
White  Moss  has  already  been  noticed,  but  we  may 
here  say  that  it  is  a  "  Sporty"  as  florists  term  it,  from 
the  White  or  Pink  Monthly  Damask;  plants  of  it 
having  been  known  to  assume  the  habit  of  those  va- 
rieties. Requien  is  a  very  distinct  rose,  the  flowers 
expanding  large  and  flat,  very  double,  of  a  pale  flesh 
colour,  with  very  strong  foliage  and  habit.  Sapho, 
pale  blush,  a  very  double  imbricated  flower,  quite 
fragrant;  plant  of  a  spreading  habit.  Scotch  Perpet- 
U* 


162         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

■ual  does  not  bloom  so  constantly  as  we  might  expect 
from  the  name ;  yet  it  gives  occasional  clusters  of 
flowers  of  nearly  a  white  colour,  during  the  summer 
months  ;  its  foliage,  too,  is  very  distinct  from  any  of 
those  named ;  it  has  more  of  the  brier  character,  and 
is  very  similar  in  growth  to  the  old  Scotch  Rose. 
Stanwell  is  an  English  variety ;  a  true  Perpetual, 
blooming  profusely  and  constantly  the  whole  summer, 
till  late  in  the  season.  Its  habit  is  also  like  a  Scotch 
Rose,  with  large  double  pale  blush  flowers  of  exquisite 
fragrance. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  family,  like  the  Bour- 
bons and  Remontantes,  does  not  contain  a  genuine 
striped  variety,  so  that  the  hybridizer  and  amateur 
have  yet  a  large  and  neAv  field  open  to  their  opera- 
tions. We  would  suggest  that  Rose  du  Roi  Striee 
and  Blanche  Vibert,  together  with  Du  Roi  and  the 
White  Monthly  Damask  be  fertilized  j  these  seed 
abundantly,  and  with  the  culture  we  have  recom- 
mended, the  seedlings  will  bloom  in  three  years. 
Some  have  advanced  that  the  finest  roses  from  seed 
are  always  the  longest  in  flowering,  when  there  is 
any  tardiness  observed,  a  few  buds  can  be  put  into 
stocks,  which  will  hasten  their  inflorescence. 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  163 


ROSA    MICROPHYLLA, 

OR    SMALL    LEAVED    ROSE. 

There  Is  nothing  in  the  whole  family  that  we  have 
been  engaged  upon,  so  distinctive  in  flower  and 
character  as  this  group.  The  plants  of  the  true 
Microphylla  Rose  are  very  beautiful;  when  in  foliage, 
their  small  pinnated  leaves  are  so  unlike  any  other 
plant  (except  perhaps  a  Locust  tree  in  miniature) 
that  they  are  both  interesting  and  agreeable,  li  has 
been  known  twentj^-five  years  in  Europe,  having 
been  brought  from  China,  and  supposed  by  some  to 
have  originated  in  that  country  from  the  old  Macart- 
ney Rose.  I  consider  it,  however,  a  distinct  species, 
in  every  particular,  and  this  can  be  proved  b}^  any  of 
my  readers  who  maybe  fortunate  enough  to  save  seed 
from  it.  The  produce  (if  not  intermixed  with  others) 
will  be  pure  Microphylla  roses,  retaining  the  character 
of  foliage,  spiny  calyx,  with  single,  half  double,  and 
perfectly  double  flowers,  nearly  all  of  a  dark  rose 
colour.  The  first  of  this  rose,  as  we  believe,  was 
imported  by  us  in  1830,  and  it  is  now  extensively 
cultivated  in  every  section  of  the  country.  Recent 
importations,  denominated  Microphylla,  can   barely 


164         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

be  recognized  as  such.  The  popularity  of  the  old 
variety  has  given  circulation  to  many  of  the  inferior 
new  ones,  which,  after  having  been  seen  in  bloom, 
are  frequently  thro'.vn  aside  as  worthless.  They  are 
generally  hardy,  in  dr}'  soils  giving  a  succession  of 
flowers  throughout  the  season.  They  are  adapted  for 
training  against  fences,  or  low  out-buildings,  or  they 
may  be  formed  into  handsome  bushes  of  any  shape ; 
but  a  hedo-e  of  them  is  the  beau  ideal  of  the  flower 
garden,  which  all  may  enjoy  in  any  latitude  south  of 
this.  The  following  sorts  are  worthy  of  all  requisite 
culture,  and  will  grow  freely  in  an}"  rich  soil,  avoiding 
low  wet  situations.  Carnea  or  Rosea,  is  the  old  variety 
known  as  the  JMicrophylla  Rose;  its  character  is 
unique,  with  small  neat  dark  green  foliage.  The 
flowers  are  large  and  very  double,  of  a  rose  colour, 
produced  at  the  extremity  of  the  young  shoots,  in 
twos  or  threes,  according  to  the  strength  of  the  plant; 
the  calyx  (the  green  cup  round  the  base  of  the  fl.ower) 
is  thick  and  prickly;  hence  it  is  called  the  "Burr 
Rose."  Coccinea,  and  the  beautiful  dark  variety  Ru' 
bra,  are  in  every  particular  the  same,  except  the 
latter  being  darker  in  colour.  J\"eio  White  Micro- 
phylla  would  be  a  very  desirable  variety,  but  the  pre- 
sent subject  is  only  a  pale  blush  and  very  mediocre 
at  that ;  foliage  similar  to  the  old  microphylla.  Rubra 
Variegata  does  not  merit  the  variegated  distinction,* 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    "WHOLE    SEASON.         165 

the  circumference  of  the  flower  is  merely  shaded. 
These  all  have  the  peculiar  prickly  flower  bud.  Pur' 
fmrea  is  of  a  purple-crimson  colour,  very  large,  wnth 
the  growth  and  habit  of  all  the  former,  except  the 
calyx  being  destitute  of  the  prickles  so  characteristic 
in  the  others.  Violacta  has  also  a  smooth  calyx  j  the 
flowers  of  a  violet-purple  colour,  quite  double.  The 
plant  is  of  upright  growth,  and  quite  luxuriant.  The 
following  varieties  are  all  hybridized  with  other  sorts, 
and  do  not  form  handsome  plants  for  bushes  or  stand- 
ards, but  are  well  adapted  for  training  to  poles,  co* 
lumns,  or  trellising.  Alba  Odorata  or  the  Double 
White  MicrophyUa^  grows  very  luxuriantly,  frequently 
making  shoots  eight  or  ten  feet  long  in  one  season ; 
and  in  warm  soils,  w^here  the  season  extends  from 
March  to  December,  they  will  no  doubt  grow  twenty 
feet.  The  flowers  are  very  large  and  double,  of  a 
yellowish-white,  very  fragrant,  and  look  beautiful 
among  the  dark  green  foliage;  as  a  white  climbing 
Rose  for  pillars,  verandas  and  arbours,  it  has  no 
equal,  and  should  have  an  appropriate  spot  in  every 
garden  or  cemetery.  Hijbrida  is  also  a  strong  grower, 
with  double  flow^ers  of  a  rosy  purple  colour.  Luxem- 
bourg appears  to  be  a  hybrid  from  some  of  the 
Noisettes,  of  w^hose  character  it  greatly  partakes ; 
the  floweis  are  in  clusters  of  a  dull  purple,  very 
double,    and   a   little    fragrant.     Maria    Leonide   has 


16G         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE  WHOLE    SEASON. 

much  of  the  Macartney  Rose  habit ;  the  foliage  nearly 
round,  quite  dark  green  and  shining,  with  a  tinge  of 
red  on  the  young  wood  -,  the  flowers  are  sweet  scented, 
of  a  creamy- white  colour,  with  a  delicate  blush  centre. 
There  are  several  others  classed  among  these,  which, 
as  far  as  known  to  us,  are  either  entirely  worthless? 
or  are  so  like  those  described,  that  it  is  questioned 
whether  they  are  not  the  same  ;  this  is  not  surprising, 
for  we  have  grown  many  of  them  from  seeds,  and  all 
were  either  entirely  single,  or  so  much  like  the  parent, 
that  they  could  not  be  distinguished  from  it;  with  the 
exception  of  JRubra  and  Purpurea,  which  have  origi- 
nated with  us.  A  pure  white,  bright  scarlet,  yellow, 
or  striped  variety,  would  be  a  great  acquisition.  We 
would  therefore  urge  upon  cultivators  and  amateurs 
the  propriety  of  sowing  every  seed,  never  despairing 
of  the  results  till  the  object  is  accomplished.  Lovers 
of  the  rose  in  the  more  northern  states  will  find  this 
family  entirely  too  tender  for  out-door  culture,  unless 
surrounded  with  a  quantity  of  dry  leaves.  They  will 
not  prosper  if  lifted  every  year  from  the  ground  and 
put  away,  as  directed  for  Tea  and  Bengal  Roses;  but 
"where  a  green-house,  or  even  dry  cellarage,  is  accessi- 
ble, they  will  grow  magnificently  in  large  pots  and 
tubs,  making  a  superb  ornamental  plant  for  placing 
in  summer  in  any  conspicuous  situation.  . 


ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON.  167 


ROSA    MOSCHATA. 


THE    MUSK    SCENTED    ROSE. 


The  Musk  Clusur  rose  is  an  old  inhabitant  of  our 
gardens.     Botanists  consider  it  a  distinct  species,  and 
have  named  it  from  the  peculiar  and  agreeable  odour 
it  exhales  in  the  evening,  and  in  the  cool  autumnal 
months,  which  is  the  season  that  it  flowers  most  abun- 
dantly, in  large  clusters,  of  a  yellowish-white  colour. 
There  are  single,  semi-double  and  fully  double  varie- 
ties of  it;  the  latter  is  the  variety  generally  cultivated. 
It  is  a  native  of  India,  from  whence  it  was  introduced. 
From  the  seed  of  this  plant  the  grand  family  of  the 
Noisettes  originated.    Though  it  is  more  delicate  than 
the  generality  of  those  plants,  yet  the  same  system  ot 
treatment   recommended  for  them   may  be   adopted 
with  the  Musk  Clusters.     We  have  had  several  roses 
introduced  to  our  notice,  under  the  head  of  Musk 
Scented^  but  they  have  nearly  all  proved  worthless — 
mere  "cumberers  of  the  ground."     However,  a  few 
deserve  a  passing  remark  before  we  close  our  descrip- 
tions of  the  rose.     Herbemont'' s  Musk  Cluster^  pure 
white,  very  large,  fully  double,  blooming  the  whole 
season  in  large  clusters  and  in  great  profusion,  one  of 


168         ROSES    THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

the  very  best  of  the  group.  Pink  Musk  Cluster  has 
flowers  of  a  pale  pink  colour,  quite  double,  though  the 
petals  are  rather  loose  j  the  plant  grows  very  strong, 
and  partakes  greatly  of  the  Noisettes.  Princesse  de 
j\''assau  is  a  pure  Musk  Eose,  of  a  yellowish-white 
calour,  very  double,  though  not  so  profuse  as  some 
others.  Ranunculus  Musk  Cluster  is  a  pure  white, 
perfectly  double;  so  very  much  so,  that  it  does  not 
open  well  in  moist  weather;  the  musky  odour  is  not 
so  strong  in  this  as  in  the  old  variety.  Rivers  Musk 
Cluster^  flowers  small  in  clusters,  of  a  rosy  white 
colour,  very  fragrant,  foliage  pale  green,  plant  of 
rather  free  growth.  They  do  well  to  be  trained  to 
pillars,  fences,  or  trellises.  In  the  eastern  states 
they  must  be  well  protected  in  the  winter  season, 
covering  their  roots  with  a  quantity  of  dry  leaves. 
They  delight  in  dry  situations  and  rich  soil.  There 
is  great  room  for  improvement  in  this  group,  and  we 
call  the  attention  of  cultivators  and  amateurs  to  it, 
that  they  may  yet  bring  to  view  flowers  of  more  per- 
fect character  and  of  more  brilliant  colours  than  any 
of  the  preceding,  and  even  possessing,  in  a  greater 
degree,  the  odour  which  appertains  to  the  original 
species.  It  is  true  we  have  the  Pink  Musk  Cluster^ 
Red  Musk  Cluster^  Frazerii^  and  some  others,  but  as 
we  have  already  said,  they  are  w^orthless. 


CULTIVATION    OF    ROSES    IN    POTS.  169 


CULTIVATION    OF    ROSES    IN    POTS 

FOR    THE    GREEN-HOUSE    OR    ROOMS. 

A  SELECTION,  for  this  purpose,  should  be  made  from 
the  Tea,  Bengal,  and  Bourbon  families,  all  on  their 
own  roots,  or  budded  very  low.  Presuming  that 
these  roses  are  already  in  pots,  or  to  be  procured 
from  the  nurserymen  in  the  small*  pot  they  are 
general^  grown  in  for  sale,  they  should  at  once  be 
placed  into  those  of  six  inches  in  diameter,  carefully 
and  freely  watered,  during  July  and  August,  cutting 
off  all  the  flower  buds  they  show  in  the  latter  month. 
About  the  middle  of  September,  shorten  the  over- 
grown shoots,  and  thin  out  the  slender  ones,  turn  the 
plants  out  of  the  pots,  depriving  them  of  some  of  the 
soil,  and  repot  in  those  of  seven  inches  diameter, 
using  a  compost  of  sand,  turfy  loam,  and  manure 
in  equal  proportions ;  they  will  also  grow  admirably 
in  the  black  soil,  from  the  woods,  composed  princi- 
pally of  decayed  leaves  ;  put  several  pieces  of  broken 

*  The  plants  for  winter  blooming  should  be  ordered  from 
the  venders  of  an  extra  size ;  the  very  small  plants  sold  at 
low  prices  would  defeat  the  object. 

15 


170  CULTIVATION    OF    ROSES    IN    POTS. 

crockery  in  the  bottom  of  the  pot,  then  a  portion  of 
soil;  place  the  plant  so  that  its  surface  roots  should 
be  under  the  rim  of  the  pot,  and  then  fill  all  round 
with  the  soil ;  put  them  in  a  situation  partially 
shaded, — water  sparingly,  till  they  begin  to  grow — 
then  expose  them  fully  to  the  sun  and  water  freely 
every  day.  There  they  may  remain  till  the  middle 
or  end  of  October,  and  in  the  south  till  November, 
w^hen  they  should  be  removed  to  the  green-house  or 
rooms,  for  flowering.  Previous  to  their  removal,  the 
pots  should  be  washed,  and  the  plants  neatly  tied  up. 
Thus  treated  they  will  mature  all  the  buds  they  will 
then  show,  and  produce  a  profusion  of  flowers  again 
in  January  and  February.  Where  there  is  the  con- 
venience of  charcoal,  it  Avill  be  found  of  prime  utility 
in  rose  pot-culture,  broken  to  the  size  of  nuts  and 
about  one-fifth  mixed  with  the  soil ;  the  roots  will 
delight  to  ramble  through  it,  and  the  foliage  will  be 
of  a  richer  and  darker  green  ;  the  surface  of  the  soil 
must  have  frequent  stirrings.  The  plants  must  be 
carefully  examined,  and  whenever  infested  by  the 
aphis,  or  green-fly,  they  should  be  destro3ed,  if  in 
the  green-house,  by  tobacco  smoke.  But,  if  in  rooms, 
that  method  cannot  be  well  adopted,  for  the  odour 
would  penetrate  into  every  part  of  the  dwelling. 
They  should  in  that  case  be  brushed  off  into  a  pail 
of  water  J  or  the  safest  plan  will  be  to  make  a  sfronff 


CULTIVATION    OF    ROSES    IN    POTS.  171 

tea  of  tobacco,  fill  a  pail  with  it,  and  while  in  a  tepid 
state  invert  the  plant  therein,  holding  the  hand  or  a 
cloth  over  the  surface  of  the  pot  to  prevent  the  earth 
from  tumbling  out.  Roses  in  pots  are  wonderfully 
benefited  by  a  watering  of  manure  water  about  once 
in  two  weeks.  This  water  is  very  easily  prepared 
either  in  town  or  country.  The  droppings  from  the 
horse  or  cow  stable  put  into  a  large  tub  or  barrel, 
with  water  kept  over  it  for  a  week  or  two,  occasion- 
ally stirred  up;  the  water  then  poured  or  drawn  off 
for  use  about  the  colour  of  good  tea  ;  or  one  quart  of 
PouDRETTE,  put  into  three  gallons  of  water — stir  it  a 
few  times, — in  two  days  it  will  be  fit  for  use.  A  new 
species  of  manure  from  the  Islands  of  the  Pacific, 
called  Guano,  the  deposit  of  sea-fowls  that  has  accu- 
mulated for  centuries,  is  very  valuable  for  making 
liquid  manure.  A  pound,  in  five  gallons  of  water, 
allowed  to  stand  at  least  twenty-four  hours  before 
using,  will  be  found  very  nourishing,  applied  once  a 
w^eek  only  when  the  plants  are  in  a  growing  state. 
When  required  for  the  open  ground,  any  of  these 
liquids  may  be  made  stronger,  or  used  more  frequently. 


172  I^'SECTs  INJURIOUS  to  the  eose. 


INSECTS    INJURIOUS    TO    THE    ROSE. 

There  are  several  very  destructive,  and  in  some 
seasons  their  depredations  almost  overpower  the  ope- 
rator. In  the  eastern  states,  the  Slug  nearly  destroys 
every  leaf.  A  remedy  against  its  ravages,  brought 
into  notice  by  Mr.  Haggerston,  late  gardener  of  J.  P. 
Gushing,  Esq.,  is  to  take  two  pounds  of  whale  oil 
soap,  dissolved  in  fifteen  gallons  of  water,  and  to 
syringe  the  plants  therewith  in  the  evenings  till 
the  insects  are  destroyed.  The  plants  must  also  be 
syringed  with  clean  water  in  the  mornings,  or  the 
cure  would  be  almost  as  destructive  and  offensive 
as  the  disease.  After  the  plants  are  clean,  stir  up 
the  soil  to  refresh  it  from  the  effects  of  the  waterings. 
Green-fly  is  easily  destroyed  by  tobacco  water,  applied 
with  the  syringe  in  the  evening,  and  again  with  jRire 
water  in  the  morning.  This  insect  is  most  trouble- 
some in  city  gardens,  where  the  birds  cannot  feed 
upon  it. 

Brown's  Fumigator  is  a  very  simple  portable  instru- 
ment for  the  distruction  of  this  pest,  so  prevalent 
amongst  roses  ;  the  whole  force  can  be  brought  to  bear 
upon  any  plant  in  any  situation  by  covering  the  plant 


INSECTS    INJURIOUS    TO    THE    ROSE.  17  3 

with  a  sheetj  if  against  a  fence,  or  when  fully  ex- 
posed, all  round  ;  place  a  covering  over  it  in  the 
form  of  a  tent,  then  introduce  the  nozzle  under  the 
covering,  and  by  a  simple  turn  of  a  handle,  the 
tobacco  smoke  is  delivered  cool  in  a  dense  mass,  an 
with  the  greatest  safety  in  the  hands  of  any  operator. 
The  implement  is  also  indispensible  in  fumigating 
green-houses,  wardrobes,  ships,  or  dwellings  during 
epidemic  diseases.  It  can  be  used  as  well  for  purpo- 
ses of  perfuming  with  lavender,  cinnamon,  or  other 
aromatic  herbs.  The  Rose  Bug  is  another  very  de- 
trusctive  enemy,  which  can  only  be  kept  under  by 
handpicking;  they  are  found  upon  the  flowers  as  soon 
as  open.  There  is  also  the  worm  that  destroys  the 
bud  before  it  opens.  We  seldom  observe  this  in  the 
country,  but  in  some  seasons  it  abounds  in  the  city 
or  town  gardens,  and  must  be  extirpated  by  the  hand. 
There  is  yet  another ;  a  fly  in  the  early  part  of 
June,  deposits  its  egg  near  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
into  a  strong  young  shoot,  and  is  not  discovered  till 
July  or  August,  when  we  see  its  effects  from  the 
dropping  of  the  top  of  the  young  shoot.  As  soon 
as  this  is  noticed,  cut  off*  about  twelve  inches  of  it, 
and  the  little  grub  will  be  found  in  its  centre,  which 
if  allowed  to  remain  will  come  out  under  a  leaf,  near 
the  top,  drop  into  the  ground,  and  live  again  to  renew 
its  depredations  the  following  season. 
15* 


174  MILDE^V    ON    THE    ROSE. 


MILDEW    ON    THE    ROSE. 

Under  artificial  culture,  this  disease  is  frequently 
observed,  or,  as  some  writers  term  it,  the  effects  of 
tlie  disease  j  very  few  agree  as  to  its  origin  or  character. 
From  our  observation  it  appears  to  be  most  common 
v/here  extremes  of  temperature  prevail;  even  in  the 
open  air  this  is  plainly  seen;  in  July  or  August,  we 
occasionally  have  a  few  cold  nights,  succeeded  by 
rain  and  warm  weather,  and  as  certainly  as  that  kind 
of  weather  occurs,  as  certainly  does  the  mildew  follow. 
It  is  rarely  seen  in  our  collection  of  roses,  few  of 
which  are  kept  in  high  temperatures,  and  when  it 
appears,  a  few  syringings  of  sulphur  water  are  ap- 
plied, which  destroys  jt.  We  prepare  sulphur  water, 
by  placing  in  a  small  barrel  a  piece  of  unslaked 
lime,  about  the  size  of  a  double  fist,  with  five  or  six 
pounds  of  flowers  of  sulphur,  on  which  we  pour  a 
few  gallons  of  boiling  water,  cohering  it  up  for  an 
hour,  when  we  stir  it,  till  the  whole  of  the  sulphur 
has  fallen  to  the  bottom.  After  settling,  we  pour  off 
the  water  for  use,  putting  about  a  quart  of  it  to  the 
gallon  for  syringing.  A  recent  writer  says,  he  uses 
one  ounce  of  nitre  to  one  gallon  of  water,  with  whicii 
he  syringes  the  plants  once  In  ten  days,  and  finds  it 
an  effectual  cure. 


PROPAGATION    OF    KOSES  175 


PROPAGATION    OF    ROSES 

THAT   BLOOM  THE  M-HOLE  SEASON. 

These  may  be  propagated  by  budding,  grafting  or 
layering  as  directed  for  roses  that  bloom  in  June  ;  cs 
we  have  before  said,  the  latter  method  is  preferable, 
and  makes  very  permanent  plants.  They  are  also 
extensively  propagated  by  cuttings,  which  is  the  plan 
that  now  calls  for  our  special  notice.  There  are  two 
periods  of  the  season,  June  and  Septem.ber,  in  which 
this  mode  can  be  adopted  extensively  and  successfully, 
with  the  families  of  Bengal,  Tea,  Noisette,  Bourbon, 
and  Remontantes  Roses;  (Perpetual  succeed  best  by 
budding.)  In  May  or  June,  as  soon  as  the  young 
shoots  have  shed  their  first  flowers,  they  will  be  in  a 
proper  state  for  use.  The  cuttings  may  be  made  from 
two  to  four  inches  long,  having  at  least  three  joints  or 
buds,  from  the  lower  end  of  which  cut  off  the  leaf 
and  smooth  the  bottom  end,  with  a  sharp  knife,  direct- 
ly under  an  eye,  leaving  the  other  leaves  untouched  ,- 
the  cuttings  may  then  be  inserted  about  one  and  a  half 
or  two  inches  into  very  sandy  soil,  either  in  pots  or 
in  the  ground  ;  if  in  a  frame,  so  much  the  better. 
Shade  them  from  the  sun  during  the  day,  and  give 
them  gentle  sprinklings  of  water.     They  must  also  be 


176  THAT    BL003I    THE    WHOLE    SEASOX. 

protected  from  heavy  drying  winds,  and  fully  exposed 
to  the  dews  of  the  night,  which  are  very  genial  to 
them.  In  about  three  or  four  weeks  they  will  be 
rooted,  and  may  either  remain  where  planted  till  au- 
tumn, or  be  at  once  transplanted  into  pots,  and  placed 
in  the  shade  till  they  have  taken  fresh  root.  These 
cuttings  will  make  fine  plants  for  the  next  stason, 
and  by  extra  culture  may  be  made  fine  plants  for 
blooming  in  the  green-house  during  winter.  Cuttings 
taken  off  in  September,  and  planted  in  a  very  shaded 
situation,  will  be  well  rooted  in  the  following  spring, 
and  may  then  be  transplanted  into  any  part  of  the 
garden.  The  latter  period  will  be  the  best  for  all  the 
southern  states,  and  the  former  for  the  eastern  states. 
Indeed  cuttings  can  be  taken  off  and  may  be  propa- 
gated successfully,  at  any  period  of  the  season,  when 
the  plant  has  just  ceased  to  bloom,  which  is  the  grand 
criterion  for  propagating  the  rose.  In  some  soils  of  a 
close  vsandy  nature,  all  that  is  required  is  merely  to 
put  in  a  small  piece  of  a  shoot,  in  moist  cloudy  weath- 
er, where  it  is  shaded  from  the  direct  raj's  of  the  sun, 
and  it  will  root  in  a  few  weeks  without  any  other  care. 
Where  there  is  the  convenience  of  a  forcing  house, 
or  hot-bed  of  manure,  there  is  another  period  of  the 
season  when  the  rose  may  be  extensively  propagated, 
which  is  practised  to  a  very  great  extent  by  nursery- 
men who  commence  forcing  roses  in  February.     As 


PROPAGATIOX    OF    EOSES  177 

soon  as  they  show  bloom  the  shoots  are  cut  into  cut- 
tings of  two  eyes  each,  and  planted  into  very  small 
pots,  of  very  sandy  soil ;  these  are  placed  into  a  close 
warm  hot-house,  or  hot-bed,  in  a  moist  temperature  of 
70'^  to  80^,  where  they  will  root  in  from  two  to  three 
weeks,  and  are  frequently  sold  within  six  weeks  from 
the  time  they  were  planted.  The  very  scientific 
have  resorted  to  another  mode  of  multiplying,  which, 
with  many  sorts,  makes  strong  plants  in  a  very  short 
time.  They  take  the  roots  of  common  roses,  that  are 
about  the  size  of  a  small  quill,  and  cut  them  into 
kngths  of  two  or  three  inches,  whereon  they  graft  a 
single  eye  from  the  young  wood,  (by  the  method  of 
whip  grafting,)  plant  them  into  pots,  wl.ich  they 
place  into  a  close  hot-bed  or  house,  as  above  stated, 
where  they  grow  instantly,  frequently  making  a  fresh 
growth  within  two  weeks  from  the  time  of  planting. 
Single  eyes  are  also  planted  up  to  the  base  of  the 
leaf,  partially  covering  the  eye,  in  pots  of  fine  sand, 
subjecting  them  to  the  same  hot-bed  tre:itment ;  these 
also  root  freely,  but  take  some  time  before  they  make 
strong  plants.  When  these  tender  cuttings  are  made, 
they  must  be  carefully  sh:ded  from  the  sun,  and 
must  be  sprinkled  with  tepid  water  every  even- 
ing. When  they  have  made  a  fresh  growth  they 
should  be  removed  to  another  frame  or  house,  with 
gentle  heat,  and  h  ive  air  every  day  to  harden  them  ; 


178  THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 


in  a  week  or  two  they  will  be  fit  for  larger  pots,  to 
grow  therein  all  the  summer,  or  planted  into  the  open 
ground  in  May. 

Amidst  the  lovely  creation  of  the  floral  world,  none 
combines  so  many  attractions  as  the  Eose,  and  we  hope 
that  our  simple  remarks  on  its  propagation  will  enable 
all,  who  may  desire  it,  to  increase  any  part  of  the 
family  they  happen  to  possess.  If  tried  once,  and 
successfully,  the  experiment  will,  no  doubt,  be  renew- 
ed, and  an  innocent  pride  indulged  in  increasing  the 
power  of  ministering  to  one's  own  taste,  or  of  grati- 
fying that  of  a  friend.  Many  suffer  a  latent  predi- 
lection for  these  fascinating  pursuits  to  die  away,  from 
the  idea  of  not  possessing  the  skill  requisite  for  culti- 
vating plants;  others  think  of  the  expense  they  would 
be  led  into  by  an  unwarrantable  indulgence.  If  the 
more  fortunate  or  more  skilful  amateur  knows  of 
such  persons,  he  will  greatly  promote  both  their  men- 
tal and  bodily  welfare,  by  presenting  them  with  a  few 
plants  of  easiest  culture,  to  prove  lo  them  how  easy 
it  is,  not  only  to  nurture,  but  to  multiply  their  sources 
of  pleasure,  as  healthful  as  it  is  innocent.  If  any  of 
our  readers  have  a  spark  of  this  taste  within  them,  we 
say,  cherish  it  as  you  would  cherish  z.  friend.  To  the 
ladies  especially,  a  love  of  floriculture  brings  with  it, 
in  every  period  of  life,  a  train  of  pure  enjoyments. 
Whilst  the  city  belle  blushes  her  delight  at  the  sight 


PROPAGATION    OF    ROSES  179 

of  the  magnificent  bouquet  destined  to  grace  her  fair 
hand  in  the  haunts  of  pleasure — the  face  of  the  coun- 
try maiden  glows  with  still  purer  satisfaction  as  she 
presents  to  a  parent  the  rose  which  her  own  care  has 
brought  to  perfection.  And  the  mother! — how  many 
lessons  of  wisdom  can  she  impart  to  her  children 
whilst  instilling  into  their  young  minds  the  love  of 
this  healtiiful  pursuit,  and  teaching  them  to  look  up 
from  the  wonders  spread  around  them,  to  Him  who 
gave  the  rose  its  hue.  To  the  time-stricken  matron 
also,  even  after  age  has  deprived  her  of  the  active 
enjoyments  of  this  taste,  many  pleasures  still  remain  j 
under  the  shade  of  some  far  spreading  tree,  she  can, 
from  her  rustic  seat,  enjoy  the  sight  of  well  planned 
arrangements,  executed  under  her  own  superinten- 
dence, or  surrounded  by  some  favourite  plants,  inhale 
the  fragrance  which  comes  to  her  blended  with  sweet 
recollections  of  the  pleasing  toils  which  insured  their 
present  luxuriance.  But  it  is  to  those  who  have 
known  sorrow  and  affliction  (and  who  has  not  ])  that 
the  love  of  flowers  and  gardening  comes  like  a  boon 
from  heaven,  to  shed  its  soothing  influence  upon  the 
heart.  In  showering  upon  this  earth  such  profusion 
of  blossoms  of  every  odour.  God  has  permitted  us  to 
bask,  as  it  were,  in  his  visible  smiles,  and  every 
Christian  will  love  him  better  for  loving  the  glowing 
proof  of  that  goodness  which  disdains  not  to  minister 


ISO  THAT    BLOOM    THE    WHOLE    SEASON. 

to  every  innocent  pleasure  of  his  creature  man.  We 
feel  we  have  perhaps  digressed  too  far,  but  every 
lover  of  horticulture  will  understand  how  we  have 
been  led  away ;  and  to  others  we  can  only  repeat, 
"  Try  to  love  flowers — learn  to  cultivate  them  j — it 
will  make  you  happier,  it  will  make  you  belter. 


INDEX 


Abbe  Meillon,  90. 
Abricote,   108. 
Acidalie,  ]37. 
Adelaide  d'Orleans,  16. 
Admiral  de  Rigney,  93. 
Adam,  108. 

A  Fleurs  Blanches,  63. 
Africaine,  49. 
Aglae  Loth,   121. 
Agrippina,   123. 
Aimee  Vibert,  90. 
Alba,  21,  90,   133. 

Odorata,   165. 

Alice  Leori,  45. 

Alzand,  90. 

Amadis,  14. 

Amourette,  137. 

Amourin,  49. 

Amenaide,   137. 

Anne  Maria,  29. 

Antigone,  157. 

Amaena,   109. 

Amarantine,  137. 

Andre  Thouin,  55. 

Angelique  Quetier,  43. 

Angle,  33. 

Anteros,   108. 

Antherose,  108. 

Antinous,  157. 

Anne  Beluze,  137. 

Archduchesse  Theresa  Isabel, 

108. 
Archduke  Charles,  121, 
Arethusa,  55. 


Armosa,  140. 

Arance  de  Navaro,   121. 

Aricie,  149. 

Arsione,   121. 

Arsenie,    121. 

Astrolabe,  26. 

Aubernon,   149. 

Augus  ine  iMouchelet,   149.^ 

Hersent,  126.      \ 

Lelieur,   137.      «■ 


Aurora,  49,   117. 

Baltimore  Belle,  28. 
Banksiana  Alba,  19. 

Lutea,  19. 

Banksia  Vif,  19. 
Barbot,   109. 
Baron  de  Stael,  49. 
Baronne  Prevost,   149. 
Baronne  Halley,   149. 
Blanche  Lamouroux,   119. 

Vibert,  157. 

Blanche,   154. 
Beauty  Bouquet,  63. 

o$  Prairies,  28. 


Beau  Carmin,  122. 
Becquet,  63. 
Belladonna,  61. 
Belle  Africaine,  49. 

Amabile,  50. 

d'Esquermes,  91. 

de  Florence,  122, 

de  Monza,  12^. 

Isidore,  122, 


182 


INDEX. 


Belle  Marie,  64. 

Marguerite,  109. 

Marseillaise,  91. 

Parabere,  63. 

Rubine,  57. 

• Ruineuse,  41. 

Theresa,  64. 

Bdluze,  137. 

Bekic,  40. 

Beikal  Triomphant,  128. 

Beweze,  55. 

Befnard,  157. 

Bicolor,  55. 

Bijou,   13-3. 

Billaird,  157. 

Bishop,  50. 

Blairii,  64. 

Black  Tuscany,  53. 

Blanchefleur,  63. 

Blush  Perpetual,   160. 

Blush  Moss,  43. 

B^snard,   122. 

B^  Ginneure,  64. 

Bo'feqaet  de  Flore,   138. 

de  Lisle,  55. 

Boule  de  Neige,  59. 
Boulogne,  91. 
Bougere,   109. 
Bourbon  Moss,  46. 
Boutrand,  109. 
Brennus,  64. 
Buret,  109. 
Buffon,  50. 

Cabbage,  40. 
Caprice  des  Dames,  133. 
Camellia  Rouge,  91,   104. 
Camelliaflora,  122. 
Cameleon,   122.        * 
Camaieu,  55. 
Cardinal  Fesch,  138. 
Carmine  Brilliant,  50. 
Carmine  Cluster,  96. 
Carmine  d'Yebles,  J 22. 
Carnea  or  Rosea,  164. 
Carassana,  96^ 
Caroline,  109. 
Caroline  de  Sansal,  149. 


Catel,  64. 
Celestial,  33. 
Celestial  Sweet  Brier,  33. 
Celicel,  64. 
Celimene.   138. 
Cels,  122. 
Cesoiiie,  64. 
Charlemagne,  138. 
Champion,  50. 
Champneyana,  91. 
Champney's  Pink  Cluster,  91 
Charles  Raybaud,   109. 

the  Tenth,  91. 

Souchet,  138. 

Chatelaine,  64. 
Chardon  Bleu,  50. 
Chilicothe  multiflora,  29. 
Chloris,  92. 
Chrornatelle,  91. 

Clara  Wendel,  92. 

Sylvain,   109. 

Claudia.   110. 
Clementine  Duval,  149. 
I  Clifton  Moss,  46. 
Cloth  of  Gold,  91. 
|Coccinea,   164. 
Caelestis,  96. 
Comtesse  Jaubert,  150. 
de  Muirinais,  45. 


Comte  de  Nanteuil,  138. 

Coquette,  123. 

Comice  de  Seine  et  Marne, 

138. 
Comte  d'  Eu,  149. 

de  Paris,  110,   150. 

de  Rambuteau,  138. 


Comtesse  Duchatel,  150. 

de  Grillon,  92. 

Orloff;  92. 

Mole,  150. 

de  Resseguire,  138. 

Conque  de  Venus,  92. 
Coquett  de  JNIeudon,  150. 
Cora  L.  Barton,  92,  97,  104. 
Coronation,  50. 
Cosimo  Randolphi,  55. 
Coup  d' Amour,  65. 
Coup  d'Hebe,  95. 


INDEX. 


183 


Cramoisi  Superieur,  123. 
Crested  Provins,  41. 

Moss,  41. 

Cricks,  41, 

Crimson  or  Damask  Moss,  43. 

Globe,   139. 

Cymedor,  150. 

D'Angers,  157. 
D^Andigne,  65. 
Daily  Rose,  124. 
Deuil  du  Due  d'Orleans,   138. 
Delice  de  Flanders,    05. 
Delphine  Gaudot,  111. 
Desprez  d'Arcole,  94. 
Desgaces,   138. 
Devoniensis,  110. 
Docteur  Arnal,   150. 
Dove  Rose,  67. 
Doctor  Roques,  139. 
Docteur  Marx,  150. 
Dr.  Marjolin,  150. 
Don  Carlos,   123,   129. 
Donna  Maria,  16. 

Sol,  50. 

Double  Striped  Sweet  Brier, 
33. 

Red  Sweet  Brier,  33. 

Yellow  Proviijs,  35 

. Moss,  35. 


White  HHip,  33 
Microphylla, 


165 
Striped  Moss',  45 


Due  d'  Aumale,  150. 

de  Cases,  65. 

de  Choiseul,  50. 

d'Enghein,   158. 

d'Orleans,  111. 

Duchess  of  Kent,  123. 
Duchesse  de  JNIecklenbourg, 

111, 

de  Nemours,  150. 

d'Orleans,  40. 

de  Praslin,   150. 

de  Rohan,   15S. 

de  Sutherland,  150. 


Duchesne,  40. 
Du  Luxembourg,  92. 
Dumont  de  Courset,   139. 
Dupetit  Thouars,  139. 
Du  Roi,   158,  160. 
Du  Roi  Striee,   158 
Dutch  Provins,  40. 
D^Yebles,  139. 

Ebene,  158. 
Eclat  des  Roses,  50. 
Edouard  Jesse,  151. 
Edward  Defosse,   139. 
Egerie,  65. 
Efegans,  26,  29. 
Eliza  Sauvage,  111. 

50. 

L'eker,  50. 

Elemensie,  50. 

Emlie  Courtier,  139. 

Emeline,  65. 

Emma  Dampiere,   151. 

Enfant  d'Ajaccio,  139. 

Etienne,  111. 

Etna,  123. 

Eugene  Beauharnais,  127. 

Pirolle,  93. 

Hardy,  123. 

Euphrosine,  93. 
Eva  Corinne,  29. 
Evergreen  Multiflora,  18. 


Fabvier,  66,  123. 

Fanny  Bais,  51. 

Fanny  Parissot,  51. 

Fedora,  139. 

Ferrugineuse,  44. 

Felicite  Perpetuelle,  16. 

Fellenberg,.93,   104. 

Fidouline,  151.^  • 

Flavescens,  111. 

Fleur  de  Jeune  Age  or  Lamar 

que  a  C(zur  Rose,  93. 
Fleurette,  66. 
Flora  Perfecta,  69.  , 
Floralie,  112. 
Fortunes  Yellow,  25. 


1S4< 


INDEX. 


Fontenelle,  55. 

Frazerii,   108. 

Fragoletta,  112 

Freiich  Yellow  Noisette,  94. 

Fill  gens,  65. 

Fulgorie,  151. 

Garland,  24. 

Geant  des  Batailles,   151 

General  Cavaignac,  151. 

Dubourg,  139. 

Dronat,   45. 

Lamarque,  69. 


Negrier,    151. 

Oudinot,  140. 

Soyer,  123. 

George  Cuvier,  140. 

the  Fourth,  66. 

Georgia,  66. 

Giant  of  the  Battle,  151. 
Gigantea,  123. 
Gigantesque,   112. 
Globe  Hip,  59. 
Gloire,  133. 

de  France,    143. 

Hardy,   112. 

des  Jardines,  51. 

de  Pans,   140. 

des  Perpetuelles,  159. 

de  Rosamene,  139,  140 

Goubaull,  112. 
Gracilis,  14. 
Grand  Bercann,  41. 
Grande  et  Belle,  128. 
Grand  Triomphe,   61. 
Grandiflora,  19,   96. 
Graulhie,  23. 
Grevillia,  21. 
Grillony,   66. 
Gros  Charles,    123. 
Guilbert  Slater,   151. 

Hamon,  112. 
Hardy,  112. 
Harrisonii,  36. 
Helvetius,  67. 
Hennequin,  140. 
Henri  Fourth,  151. 


Henry  Clay,  Boll,   140. 

Plantier,    141. 

Herman  Kegel,  45. 
Herbermont's  Musk  Cluster, 

167. 
Hercules,  51. 
Hermosa,  140. 
Hersilie,   55,    140. 
Hippolyte,   112. 
Hogg's  Yellow,  36. 
Hortense  Beauharnais,   51. 
Hortensia,    124. 
Hundred  Leaved  Daily,  125. 
Hybrida,   26,  165. 
Hybride  de  Bengal,   63. 

Noisette,   63. 

d'lle  de  Bourbon,  63. 


Hybrid  Provins,  68. 
Hymenee,   132. 

Icterose,   125. 
Indica,    63,  124. 
alba,    124. 


Indigo,    158, 
Imperial,   61. 
Inermis,   14. 
Isabel,   51,  108. 
Isaure  Lablee, .  159. 

Jane,  29. 

Jacques  Lafitte,  151. 

Plantier,  125. 


Jack^onia,  125. 
Jaune  Desprez,  93,  94. 
Jeanne  Hachette,  56,  159. 
d'  Arc,   94,  98. 


Jenny  Audio,   159. 

Joasine  Hanet,   152. 
!  Joseph  Deschiens,   125. 
j  Josephine  Antoinette,    159. 

Josephine  Malton,  112. 
!  Julia,   94. 
j  Julia  Dante,  94. 
i  Julie  de  Fontenelle,   141. 
IJulianna,   51. 

Julia  de  Loynes,  94. 

Julie  Mansais,  112. 

Jupiter,  141. 


INDEX. 


185 


129. 


93. 


King  of  Hybrids,  59,  68. 

Rome,  51. 

France,   126. 

La  Biche,  95. 
Lactans,   95. 
La  Cyemens,  125. 
Lady  Canning,    141. 

J|prdvvich,    151. 

Peel,    152. 

Stuart,    67. 

Seymour,    159. 

^arrender,   125, 

Lavinie  d'ost,  141. 
Leonie  Verger,   151. 
La  Favourite,  51. 
La  Gigantesque,  141. 
Leonore  d'Este,  151. 
La  Folie  de  Corse,  61. 
La  Gracieuse,  159. 
L'lngenue,  67. 
Lamarque,  95,  104. 

a  coeur  Rose^ 

of  Luxembourg,  66. 

La  Mienne,  159. 

La  Miniature,  133. 

Landreth's  Carmine,  96. 

La  Nayade,  67. 

La  Negresse,  52. 

La  Nymphe,  95. 

Lanzezure,  64. 

La  Pactole,  96. 

La  Reine,  152. 

La  Superba,  128. 

La  Sylphide,  113. 

La  Tourterelie,  67. 

Laure  Davoust,  22. 

La  Victorieuse,  101. 

La  Ville  de  Bruxelles,  61. 

L'Abbe  Berleze,  55. 

Le  Brun,  143. 

Leda,  61,  64. 

Lee,  96. 

Lee's  Crimson  Perpetual,  1 58. 

Le  Grenadier,  141. 

La  Phoenix,  141. 

Leveson  Gower,  141. 

Lodoiska  Marin,  160. 


Lord  Nelson,  67. 
Louise  Colet,  44. 
Puget,  100. 


Louis  Bonaparte,  152. 

Philippe,  67,  125. 

Lutea,  97,  99. 
Luxembourg,  165. 

Moss,  44. 


Lyonnais,  112. 

Macartney  Rose,  163. 

Madame  Aude,  142. 

Angelina,  141. 

Byrne,  97,  99. 

Breon,  126. 

Cottin,  52. 

d'Arblay,  24. 

Dememe,  152. 

I Desprez,  113,  141. 

Galet,  113. 

! Hardy,  59. 

Hersent,  120. 

Jovin,  97,  99. 

Lacharme,  142. 

Laffay,  152. 

Lamoriciere,  152. 

xMargat,  145. 

Neumann,  143. 

Nerard,  142. 

Peupin,  152. 

Plantier,  67. 

Souchet,  142. 

Tradeaux,  Boli,  160. 

Maheka,  14. 

Maid  of  Orleans,  52. 
-  Brussels,  52. 


Malvina,  44. 
Malesherbes,  56. 
Malton,  65,  67. 
Mansais,  113. 
Manteau,  142. 

de  Jeanne  d'Arc,  142. 


Marechal  Bugeaud,  114. 

. Soult,  153. 

de  Villars,  143. 

Marquise  Bocella,  152. 

of  Ailsa,  153. 

Marceau,  5Q. 


186 


INDEX. 


Maria,  98. 

Leonida,  165. 

Marjolin,  126,  12'J. 
Master  Burke,  134. 
Matilda,  45,  52. 
Mathilde  de  Mondeville,  61. 
Meillez,  12G,  129. 
Melanie  Cornu,  153^ 
Melsherba,  56. 
Melville,  114. 
Menstrualis,  160. 
]Michigan.  14. 
Minos,  56. 
Minerva,  160. 
Microphvlla,  163. 
Miss  Befl,  126. 

Sergeant,  126. 

Mohilida,  52. 

Mogador,  160. 

Moire,  114. 

Mondor,  114. 

Monime,  55. 

Monstrosa,  96. 

Monstrueuse,  160. 

Monthly  Damask,  61,  161, 166 

Cabbage,  143. 

Moss  de  Meaux,  45. 
Mottled  Moss,  44. 
Mrs.  Bosanquet,  142. 

Elliott,  153. 

Hovey,  29. 

Lane,  143. 

Pierce,  29. 

Siddons,  98. 

Multiflora,  21. 

Cels,  123. 

Myrianthes,  16v 

Nadiska,  143. 

Napoleon,  112. 

Ne  Plus  Ultra,  67. 

New  White  Mycrophylla,  161. 

Narbonne,  52. 

Nevia,  29,  90. 

New  Yellow  Tea,  96. 

Nonpareil,  52. 

Niphetos,  114. 

Nisida;  114. 


CEillet  Flamand,  56. 

Odorata,  98,  114. 

Olivier  de  Serres,  160. 

Ophire,  98. 

Ornement  de  Parade,  52 

Orloti;  98. 

Oscar  Foulard,  44. 

Pceony  Noisette,  128.  « 
Painted  Damask,  61. 
Pallagi,  67. 
Pallida,  28. 
Palmire,  160. 
Panachee  Pleine,  45,  56\ 
Double,  57. 


Parni,  67. 

Pauline  Plantier,  114. 
Paul  Joseph,  143. 
Perpetual  Michigan,  28. 

Red  Moss,  45. 

White  Moss,  46, 161. 

Pompon,  157. 

Pellonia,  115. 
Perle  des  Panachees,  56. 
Persian  Yellow,  36. 
Petit  Annie,  98. 

Pierre,  67. 

Phaloe,  98. 

Philippe  Quatre,  52. 

Philhpar,  143. 

Philadelphica,  19. 

Pierre  de  St.  Cyre,  143. 

Pictorium,  101. 

Pink  Musk  Cluster,  168. 

Pius  the  Ninth,  153. 

Polivetis,  52. 

Pompon,  45,  133. 

Pompon  de  st .  Radogonde,  153. 

Pompone,  98. 

Feu,  44. 

Ponceau  Parfait,  51. 
Ponctuee,  44. 
Portland  Blanc,  160. 
Poupre  de  Vienne,  52. 

Striee  de  Blanc,  56. 

Fafait,  144. 


Preval,  161. 
Pretty  American,  i; 


INDEX. 


187 


Pride  of  Washington,  29. 
Prince  Albeit,  153,  158. 
de  Chimay,  56. 

Charles,  126. 

Eugene,  126. 

d'  Esterhazy,  115. 

of  Wales,  153. 

of  Salem,  144. 

Princess,  67. 

Royal,  45. 

Princesse  Clementine,  59. 

Helene  Modeste,115. 

Luxembourg 

165. 

• de  Nassau,  173. 

Maria,  115. 

Adelaide,  46,  115. 

Helene,  153. 

Prolifere,  44,  51,  67. 
Proserpine,  144. 
Provins  Moss,  44. 
Prud-homme,  161. 
Purpurea,  14,  165. 

Quatre  Saisons,  mousseux,  46, 

161. 
Quatre  Saisons,  blanc,  161. 
Queen  of  Bourbons,  144. 

—  Lombardy,  129. 

Violets,  52. 

France,  126. 

Perpetuals,  160. 


jReve  du  Bonheur,  115. 
Remond,  144. 
Renoncule  Ponctuee,  57. 
Requien,  161. 
Rivers,  153. 

Musk  Cluster,  168. 


Victoria,  64. 

Rachael,  69. 
Ranunculus,  52. 

MuskCluster,  168, 

Red   Moss,  43. 

Musk  Cluster,  168. 

Reine  Caroline,  41. 

■ —  des  Fleurs,  153. 

des  lies  de  Bourbon,  144, 

des  Beiges,  59. 

Reine  de  Lombardie,  127. 

Victoria,  116. 

de  la  Guillotiere,  153. 

du  Congress,  142. 

des  Verges,  141. 


Robin  Hood,  153. 
Roi  des  Cramoisis,  127,129. 
-  Beiges,  112. 


Roman,  116. 

Rose  de  Pile  de  Bourbon,  125. 

of  Five  Colors,  127. 

vif  Ponctuee,  51. 

Rouge,  44. 

de  Luxembourg,  44. 


Rosa  Mundi,  54. 
Royal  Bouquet,  53. 
Ruban  Pourpre,  127. 
Rubens,  127. 
Rubra,  164. 

Variegata,  164. 

Ruga,  25. 

Ruse  Blanche,  24. 

Russelliana,  22. 

Sablee,  46. 

Safrano,  116. 

Saint  Francois,  53. 

Sandeur  Panache,  68. 

Sanguinea,  128. 

Sans  Sepales,  46. 

Sapho, 161. 

Scotch  Perpetual,  161. 

Semperflorens,  128. 

Sempervirens  plena,  16. 

odorata,  17. 


Sextes  Propinas,  68. 
Smithii,  99. 
Solfatare,  104. 
Sophie  Cottin,  52. 

d'Houdedot,  68. 


Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison,  144. 

de  Navarino,  53. 

deDumont  d'Urville, 

144. 
d'une  Ami,  116. 


jSouchet,  144. 


-  d'Anselme,  139. 


188 


INDEX. 


Standard  of  Marengo,  154. 
Star  of  Jupiter,  141. 
Stanwell,  162. 
Strombio,  116. 
Stadtholder,  68. 

•  sinesis,  68. 

Striped  Crimson  Perpetual, 158 
Susannah,  53. 
Superba,  29,  100. 
Sulphurea,  35. 
Sully,  144. 
Sydonie,  154. 

Taglioni,  116. 

Tea,  114. 

The  Chrysanthimeflora,  96. 

The  a  Fleurs  Jeune,  126. 

The  Pactole,  96. 

Thebe,  116. 

Theodore  de  Crose,  51. 

Therese  Margat,  145. 

Theresita,  145. 

The  Happy  Dream,  115. 

Tricolor  Superba,  57. 

Triomphe  d  u  Luxembou  rg,  1 1 6, 

de  Bolhviller,  17. 

—  d'Angers,  68. 

de  Gand,  128. 

des  Noisettes,  96. 

de  la  Duchere,  145. 

Triomphant,  128. 
Triumphant,  29. 
Turgot,  117. 
Tuscany,  53,  68. 
Noisette,  68. 

Unique,  40. 

de  Provins,  44. 


Velours,  68. 
Vesuvius,  128. 
Vicomtesse  de  Cazes,  117. 
Village  xMaid,  57. 
ViridiHora,  128. 
Victoire  d'Aumy,  100. 
Victor  Hugo,  69. 
Victoria  Modeste,  117. 
Victorieuse,  100. 
Violet  Episcopal,  68. 

de  Belgique,  69,  145. 

Violacea,  165. 
Virginal,  128. 
Vitellina,  101. 
Vieillard,  44. 
Volumineuse,  159. 

Watts'  Climbing  China,  69. 
Celestial,  69. 


Washington,  101,  129. 
Wellington,  69. 
White  Bath,  46. 
Boursault,  14. 

Banksia,  19. 

China,  111. 


Climbing  Globe  [Jnique, 

63. 
Monthly    Damask,    61, 

161. 

Provins,  40. 

William  Wallace,  117. 

Wongmoueheong,  20. 

Wood  Cut  of  Standard  Rose,  86. 

Yellow  Tea,  111. 

Sweet  Brier,  33,  36. 


Youlande  d'Arragon,  154. 
York  and  Lancaster,  61. 
I'orkshire  Provins,  41. 


THE    END 


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